The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing hydrocarbons from plastic containing material, wherein the plastic containing material (1) is subjected into a pyrolysis reactor (2), steam (3) is fed into the pyrolysis reactor, and the plastic containing material is pyrolyzed with the steam by using a catalytic pyrolysis with a basic catalyst to convert the plastic containing material to a product (4) comprising hydrocarbons. Further, the invention relates to the use of the product obtained by the method.

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing hydrocarbons from plastic containing material, wherein the plastic containing material (1) is subjected into a pyrolysis reactor (2), steam (3) is fed into the pyrolysis reactor, and the plastic containing material is pyrolyzed with the steam by using a catalytic pyrolysis with a basic catalyst to convert the plastic containing material to a product (4) comprising hydrocarbons. Further, the invention relates to the use of the product obtained by the method.

A fluidized catalytic reactor connected to a start-up heater is provided. The start-up heater provides sufficient heat to a catalyst containing stream to gradually increase the feed temperature. This allows for a critical volumetric flow rate to be achieved so that catalyst can be recovered from product instead of being entrained in product.

A fluidized catalytic reactor connected to a start-up heater is provided. The start-up heater provides sufficient heat to a catalyst containing stream to gradually increase the feed temperature. This allows for a critical volumetric flow rate to be achieved so that catalyst can be recovered from product instead of being entrained in product.

Systems and methods for enhancing the processing of hydrocarbons in a FCC unit by introduction of the coked FCC catalyst from the FCC reactor and a renewable feedstock to the FCC regenerator to facilitate regeneration of the coked FCC catalyst. The renewable feedstock can contain biomass-derived pyrolysis oil. The biomass-derived pyrolysis oil and coke from the coked FCC catalyst are oxidized by oxygen to provide a regenerated catalyst that is recycled to the FCC reactor.

Systems and methods for enhancing the processing of hydrocarbons in a FCC unit by introduction of the coked FCC catalyst from the FCC reactor and a renewable feedstock to the FCC regenerator to facilitate regeneration of the coked FCC catalyst. The renewable feedstock can contain biomass-derived pyrolysis oil. The biomass-derived pyrolysis oil and coke from the coked FCC catalyst are oxidized by oxygen to provide a regenerated catalyst that is recycled to the FCC reactor.

Methods of reducing heat exchanger fouling rate or of producing polyolefins may include providing a first gas stream comprising a gas and entrained fine polyolefin particles to a gas outlet line; removing a portion of the entrained fine polyolefin particles from the gas outlet line to form a bypass stream; and providing the bypass stream to a bypass line comprising a bypass line inlet and a bypass line outlet. The bypass line inlet and outlet are located upstream and downstream of a first heat exchanger. The methods may further include providing at least a portion of the first gas stream to the first heat exchanger; and combining the bypass stream and a second gas stream at the bypass line outlet to form a combined gas stream comprising one or more olefins or paraffins. A temperature of the combined gas stream is below the dew point of the combined gas stream.

The invention relates to a method for producing styrene monomers by the depolymerisation of polystyrene in the presence of foreign polymers, such as polyolefins. Said method comprises the following steps: a) introducing a polymer composition (A) containing: I) 10 to 99.5% by weight, based on the polymer composition (A), of polystyrene (I); and II) 0.1 to 89.9% by weight of polyolefin (II); and/or III) 0.1 to 4.9% by weight of acrylonitrile-based polymer (III); and/or IV) 0.1 to 4.9% by weight of polyester (IV), into the reaction zone (R) of a pyrolysis reactor (P); b) thermal cracking the polystyrene contained in the polymer composition (A) in the reaction zone (R) of the pyrolysis reactor (P) at a temperature of between 400-1000° C., c) removing the product mixture (G) obtained from the reaction zone (R), d) cooling of the product mixture (G), and e) separating the styrene monomers from the further components.

The invention relates to a method for producing styrene monomers by the depolymerisation of polystyrene in the presence of foreign polymers, such as polyolefins. Said method comprises the following steps: a) introducing a polymer composition (A) containing: I) 10 to 99.5% by weight, based on the polymer composition (A), of polystyrene (I); and II) 0.1 to 89.9% by weight of polyolefin (II); and/or III) 0.1 to 4.9% by weight of acrylonitrile-based polymer (III); and/or IV) 0.1 to 4.9% by weight of polyester (IV), into the reaction zone (R) of a pyrolysis reactor (P); b) thermal cracking the polystyrene contained in the polymer composition (A) in the reaction zone (R) of the pyrolysis reactor (P) at a temperature of between 400-1000° C., c) removing the product mixture (G) obtained from the reaction zone (R), d) cooling of the product mixture (G), and e) separating the styrene monomers from the further components.

Disclosed is a fluidized bed reactor and a heat removal water pipe and application thereof in acrylonitrile production. The fluidized bed reactor comprises at least a reaction cooling section and a vertical inner component provided in the reaction cooling section. Where, at a cross section transverse and perpendicular to a central axis of the fluidized bed reactor, an area of the cross section of the reaction cooling section is designated as S1 (expressed in a unit of m.sup.2) and an outer contour circumference of the cross section of the vertical inner component is designated as L1 (expressed in a unit of m), L1/S1=2.0-4.3 m.sup.−1. The fluidized bed reactor can promote the breaking of bubbles as early as possible and effectively limit the growth of the bubbles.