A fluidizing nozzle for introducing fluid into a fluidized bed reactor and a fluidized bed reactor. The fluidizing nozzle includes a nozzle tube limiting at least a part of a feed channel in which fluid is configured to flow, at least one fluid discharge opening arranged near a downstream end of the nozzle tube, and a pot-like hood, which sealingly closes the nozzle tube with a hood cover of the pot-like hood at the downstream end of the nozzle tube at which said at least one fluid discharge opening is provided. The feed channel is provided with a flow restriction element defining at least one flow restriction feed channel upstream of said at least one fluid discharge opening.

A combustor air bar grid for use within a fluidized bed reactor includes at least two main air collector bars in fluid communication with a source of fluidizing gas, a plurality of primary air bars that are transversal to the main air collector bars and arranged on the at least two main air collector bars such that the main air collector bars support them, and in fluid communication to at least two of the main air collector bars. The main air collector bars and the primary air bars define ash removal openings in the air bar grid and a plurality of fluidized nozzles are arranged to each of the primary air bars for fluidizing the bed reactor. A fluidized bed reactor includes such a combustor air bar grid.

A process for adjusting filling level in a gasifier for carbonaceous material in the form of a floating bed reactor in which biomass and/or coke (K) is transformed into a product gas includes providing a substantially conical, downwardly tapering floating bed reactor comprising an upper reactor ceiling a lower inlet opening into which biomass and/or coke (K) are introduced into the floating bed reactor from below and a gaseous gasification agent (V) is introduced upwardly, so that a fixed bed, which is elevated from the location of the inlet opening and held in suspension, forms within the conical reactor, wherein the flow rate of the gaseous gasification agent (V) together with the biomass and/or the coke (K) is adapted in such a way that a stable bed forms in the reactor.

A process for adjusting filling level in a gasifier for carbonaceous material in the form of a floating bed reactor in which biomass and/or coke (K) is transformed into a product gas includes providing a substantially conical, downwardly tapering floating bed reactor comprising an upper reactor ceiling a lower inlet opening into which biomass and/or coke (K) are introduced into the floating bed reactor from below and a gaseous gasification agent (V) is introduced upwardly, so that a fixed bed, which is elevated from the location of the inlet opening and held in suspension, forms within the conical reactor, wherein the flow rate of the gaseous gasification agent (V) together with the biomass and/or the coke (K) is adapted in such a way that a stable bed forms in the reactor.

Processes herein may be used to thermally crack various hydrocarbon feeds, and may eliminate the refinery altogether while making the crude to chemicals process very flexible in terms of crude. In embodiments herein, crude is progressively separated into light and heavy fractions utilizing convection heat from heaters used in steam cracking. Depending on the quality of the light and heavy fractions, these are routed to one of three upgrading operations, including a fixed bed hydroconversion unit, a fluidized catalytic conversion unit, or a residue hydrocracking unit that may utilize either an ebullated bed reactor with extrudate catalysts or a slurry hydrocracking reactor using a homogeneous catalyst system, such as a molybdenum based catalysts which may optionally be promoted with nickel. Products from the upgrading operations can be finished olefins and/or aromatics, or, for heavier products from the upgrading operations, may be used as feed to the steam cracker.

Processes herein may be used to thermally crack various hydrocarbon feeds, and may eliminate the refinery altogether while making the crude to chemicals process very flexible in terms of crude. In embodiments herein, crude is progressively separated into light and heavy fractions utilizing convection heat from heaters used in steam cracking. Depending on the quality of the light and heavy fractions, these are routed to one of three upgrading operations, including a fixed bed hydroconversion unit, a fluidized catalytic conversion unit, or a residue hydrocracking unit that may utilize either an ebullated bed reactor with extrudate catalysts or a slurry hydrocracking reactor using a homogeneous catalyst system, such as a molybdenum based catalysts which may optionally be promoted with nickel. Products from the upgrading operations can be finished olefins and/or aromatics, or, for heavier products from the upgrading operations, may be used as feed to the steam cracker.

A system and method thereof are provided for multi-stage processing of one or more precursor compounds into a battery material. The system includes a mist generator, a drying chamber, one or more gas-solid separators, and one or more in-line reaction modules comprised of one or more gas-solid feeders, one or more gas-solid separators, and one or more reactors. Various gas-solid mixtures are formed within the internal plenums of the drying chamber, the gas-solid feeders, and the reactors. In addition, heated air or gas is served as the energy source within the processing system and as the gas source for forming the gas-solid mixtures to facilitate reaction rate and uniformity of the reactions therein. Precursor compounds are continuously delivered into the processing system and processed in-line through the internal plenums of the drying chamber and the reaction modules into final reaction particles useful as a battery material.

A system and method thereof are provided for multi-stage processing of one or more precursor compounds into a battery material. The system includes a mist generator, a drying chamber, one or more gas-solid separators, and one or more in-line reaction modules comprised of one or more gas-solid feeders, one or more gas-solid separators, and one or more reactors. Various gas-solid mixtures are formed within the internal plenums of the drying chamber, the gas-solid feeders, and the reactors. In addition, heated air or gas is served as the energy source within the processing system and as the gas source for forming the gas-solid mixtures to facilitate reaction rate and uniformity of the reactions therein. Precursor compounds are continuously delivered into the processing system and processed in-line through the internal plenums of the drying chamber and the reaction modules into final reaction particles useful as a battery material.

A process and apparatus for indirect heating of catalyst in the regeneration zone is disclosed. A hot flue gas flows within a heating tube and the catalyst to be heated flows outside the heating tube. The hot flue gas is generated by igniting a fuel stream. The hot flue gas is generated directly in the heating tube or is generated in a separate burner outside the heating tube.

A process and apparatus for indirect heating of catalyst in the regeneration zone is disclosed. A hot flue gas flows within a heating tube and the catalyst to be heated flows outside the heating tube. The hot flue gas is generated by igniting a fuel stream. The hot flue gas is generated directly in the heating tube or is generated in a separate burner outside the heating tube.