The present process provides a method for synthesizing oxide-free copper nanometal dispersion in a free and reduced state using a solution phase synthesis process. A solution of an organic reducing agent containing at least two proximal nitrogen atoms is reacted with a separate solution containing a copper salt reformulated into a charge transfer complex. The reaction products are stabilized with Lewis bases and Lewis acids and optionally can be concentrated by removing a portion of the volatile low molecular weight solvent by either the use of a partial vacuum or by chemical extraction into another phase.

The present process provides a method for synthesizing difficult to make oxide-free nanometals and such as Zn, Sn and Ti and alloys of the period 4 and 5 transition metal elements in a free and reduced state using a solution phase synthesis process. Also provided is a method for stabilizing their associated colloidal metal and alloy dispersions under kinetic control at modest temperatures (<90 degrees Celsius). A solution of an organic reducing agent containing at least two proximal nitrogen atoms is reacted with a separate solution containing one or more metal-organic salts dissolved in the same or different low molecular weight solvent as the reducing agent. The reaction products are stabilized with Lewis bases and Lewis acids and optionally can be concentrated by removing a portion of the volatile low molecular weight solvent by either the use of a partial vacuum or by chemical extraction into another phase.

The present process provides a method for synthesizing difficult to make oxide-free nanometals and such as Zn, Sn and Ti and alloys of the period 4 and 5 transition metal elements in a free and reduced state using a solution phase synthesis process. Also provided is a method for stabilizing their associated colloidal metal and alloy dispersions under kinetic control at modest temperatures (<95 degrees Celsius). A solution of an organic reducing agent containing at least two proximal nitrogen atoms is reacted with a separate solution containing one or more metal-organic salts dissolved in the same or different low molecular weight solvent as the reducing agent. The reaction products are stabilized with Lewis bases and Lewis acids and optionally can be concentrated by removing a portion of the volatile low molecular weight solvent by either the use of a partial vacuum or by chemical extraction into another phase.

The present process provides a method for synthesizing difficult to make oxide-free nanometals and such as Zn, Sn and Ti and alloys of the period 4 and 5 transition metal elements in a free and reduced state using a solution phase synthesis process. Also provided is a method for stabilizing their associated colloidal metal and alloy dispersions under kinetic control at modest temperatures (<95 degrees Celsius). A solution of an organic reducing agent containing at least two proximal nitrogen atoms is reacted with a separate solution containing one or more metal-organic salts dissolved in the same or different low molecular weight solvent as the reducing agent. The reaction products are stabilized with Lewis bases and Lewis acids and optionally can be concentrated by removing a portion of the volatile low molecular weight solvent by either the use of a partial vacuum or by chemical extraction into another phase.

The present process provides a method for synthesizing difficult to make oxide-free nanometals and such as Zn, Sn and Ti and alloys of the period 4 and 5 transition metal elements in a free and reduced state using a solution phase synthesis process. Also provided is a method for stabilizing their associated colloidal metal and alloy dispersions under kinetic control at modest temperatures (<90 degrees Celsius). A solution of an organic reducing agent containing at least two proximal nitrogen atoms is reacted with a separate solution containing one or more metal-organic salts dissolved in the same or different low molecular weight solvent as the reducing agent. The reaction products are stabilized with Lewis bases and Lewis acids and optionally can be concentrated by removing a portion of the volatile low molecular weight solvent by either the use of a partial vacuum or by chemical extraction into another phase.

[Problem] Provided is a method for producing a silica sol capable of providing consistent production of the silica sol having a uniform particle size of silica particles in any particle size of the silica particles.

[Solution] A method for producing a silica sol is a method including a step of mixing liquid (A) containing an alkaline catalyst, water, and a first organic solvent with liquid (B) containing an alkoxysilane or its condensate and a second organic solvent, and liquid (C1) having a pH of 5.0 or higher and lower than 8.0 and containing water or liquid (C2) containing water and being free of an alkaline catalyst to make a reaction liquid.

The present invention relates to a nanocluster liquid dispersion where nanoclusters with a predetermined number of atoms are dispersed.

A method of dispersing graphene and graphitic nanomaterials uses a multiphase fluid dynamic technique. The method includes a device, incorporating a high intensity fluid dynamics technique, controlling the expansion and compression ratio of the working stream that leads to an effective dispersion of the nanomaterial in the matrix. The condensation of the injected steam creates high intensity and controllable cavitation, leading to effective dispersion of the graphitic nanomaterial. The dispersion is most preferably done in a medium that creates a repulsive potential to balance the attractive inter-graphitic layer potential.

The present process provides a method for synthesizing difficult to make oxide-free nanometals and such as Zn, Sn and Ti and alloys of the period 4 and 5 transition metal elements in a free and reduced state using a solution phase synthesis process. Also provided is a method for stabilizing their associated colloidal metal and alloy dispersions under kinetic control at modest temperatures (<80 degrees Celsius). A solution of an organic reducing agent containing at least two proximal nitrogen atoms is reacted with a separate solution containing one or more metal-organic salts dissolved in the same or different low molecular weight solvent as the reducing agent. The reaction products are stabilized with Lewis bases and Lewis acids and optionally can be concentrated by removing a portion of the volatile low molecular weight solvent by either the use of a partial vacuum or by chemical extraction into another phase.

A graphene material in a specific form is provided that has a high dispersibility and can maintain a high electric conductivity and ion conductivity when used as material for electrode manufacturing. A graphene dispersion liquid is provided including graphene dispersed in a solvent having a N-methyl pyrolidone content of 50 mass % or more and, when diluted with N-methylpyrolidone to a graphene weight fraction of 0.000013, giving a diluted solution having a weight-based absorptivity coefficient, which is calculated by Equation (1) given below, of 25,000 cm-1 or more and 200,000 cm-1 or less at a wavelength of 270 nm:

weight-based absorptivity coefficient (cm.sup.1)=absorbance/{0.000013cell's optical path length (cm)}.(1)