A synthetic product production system is provided with: a synthesis plant for producing a synthetic product by synthesizing a hydrogen-containing gas and carbon dioxide; and a carbon dioxide supply line for supplying the carbon dioxide to the synthesis plant from a recovery and storage plant including a recovery device for recovering the carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide-containing gas and an injection facility for fixing the recovered carbon dioxide into a stratum.

Provided are methods and systems for remediating toxins present in feedstock that are used in processes to produce ethanol and other products.

The disclosure deals with system/apparatus and corresponding and/or associated method for an open plasma reactor assembly provided to study pulsed reactive species produced in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in He—H.sub.2O and He—H.sub.2O—O.sub.2 mixture in atmospheric conditions using photo fragmentation laser-induced fluorescence (PFLIF). The objective is to detect and quantify hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide produced in the DBD. An OH laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) signal is acquired from LIF (using 282 nm laser) whereas LIF from OH generated from H.sub.2O.sub.2 is measured by from the PFLIF signal (using 213 nm+ 282 nm lasers). A known concentration of H.sub.2O.sub.2 in He serves to calibrate for H.sub.2O.sub.2 while the OH is calibrated with a chemical model. For both gas mixtures, there is both OH and H.sub.2O.sub.2 production in the discharge, while the H.sub.2O.sub.2 concentration was noticeably increased for the added O.sub.2 case.

Mixed rare earth carbonate may be prepared by mixing a rare earth sulfate solution with a precipitating agent comprising a first sodium carbonate (Na.sub.2CO.sub.3) solution, to form a first mixture, and generating a higher sulfate rare earth carbonate wet cake from the first mixture. The higher sulfate rare earth carbonate wet cake can be mixed with a second sodium carbonate (Na.sub.2CO.sub.3) solution to form a second mixture, and a lower sulfate rare earth carbonate can be generated from the second mixture.

Fuel reform apparatus includes: internal combustion engine including injector and configured so that compression-ignition combustion is carried out in combustion chamber; reform unit interposed in fuel supply path from fuel tank to injector and including reformer reforming fuel stored in fuel tank by oxidation reaction; ignition timing detector detecting ignition timing of fuel in combustion chamber; and controller including CPU and memory. Controller performs: determining whether fuel has been supplied into fuel tank; determining whether reforming is needed based on ignition timing when it is determined that fuel has been supplied; controlling operation of reform unit so as to reform fuel stored in fuel tank to supply to injector when it is determined that reforming is needed; and controlling operation of reform unit so as to supply fuel stored in fuel tank to injector without reforming when it is determined that reforming is not needed.

A method and apparatus for the manufacture of disulfide bonded peptides is provided, wherein a solution of an oxidizing agent and a solution of a peptide comprising at least two sulfhydryl groups are added simultaneously into a reaction vessel under such conditions that the average concentration of the oxidizing agent inside the reaction vessel is essentially zero during simultaneous addition.

A method can be utilized to startup into a normal operating state a steam reformer arrangement for the production of hydrogen, methanol, or ammonia. A plurality of burners that are coupled to at least one reactor having reformer tubes may be controlled and regulated. In particular, startup may be performed out and regulated in an automated manner by the burners ensuring normal operation, in particular non-startup burners, being ignited indirectly as a function of temperature by means of burners provided specifically for startup, in particular pilot burners and startup burners, as a function of automatically evaluated flame monitoring at least at the pilot burners. This method provides time savings and savings of outlay in terms of personnel and also high operational reliability.

An aftertreatment system includes a first exhaust gas path, a second exhaust gas path, and a selector valve configured to divert exhaust gas between the first exhaust gas path and the second exhaust gas path based on a temperature of the exhaust gas. The aftertreatment system also includes a controller programmed to control the selector valve such that the selector valve diverts at least a portion of the exhaust gas to the first exhaust gas path when the temperature of the exhaust gas is equal to or less than a predetermined temperature threshold and the selector valve diverts the exhaust gas to the second exhaust gas path when the temperature of the exhaust gas is greater than the predetermined temperature threshold. The first exhaust gas path includes a heater configured to heat the exhaust gas received in the first exhaust gas path.

Mixed rare earth carbonate may be prepared by mixing a rare earth sulfate solution with a precipitating agent comprising a first sodium carbonate (Na.sub.2CO.sub.3) solution, to form a first mixture, and generating a higher sulfate rare earth carbonate wet cake from the first mixture. The higher sulfate rare earth carbonate wet cake can be mixed with a second sodium carbonate (Na.sub.2CO.sub.3) solution to form a second mixture, and a lower sulfate rare earth carbonate can be generated from the second mixture.

Mixed rare earth carbonate may be prepared by mixing a rare earth sulfate solution with a precipitating agent comprising a first sodium carbonate (Na.sub.2CO.sub.3) solution, to form a first mixture, and generating a higher sulfate rare earth carbonate wet cake from the first mixture. The higher sulfate rare earth carbonate wet cake can be mixed with a second sodium carbonate (Na.sub.2CO.sub.3) solution to form a second mixture, and a lower sulfate rare earth carbonate can be generated from the second mixture.