Disclosed herein are an apparatus for electrically assessing and/or manipulating cells. One aspect is directed to electrically mapping cells on the surface of the semiconductor substrate via cross-electrode impedance measurements. Further according to some aspects, the electrode array allows for spatially addressable electrical stimulation and/or recording of electrical signals in real-time using the CMOS circuitry. Some of these aspects are directed to using an electrode array to perform cell patterning through electrochemical gas generation, and extracellular electrochemical mapping.

A manufacturing process of a concrete product includes: (1) extracting calcium from solids as portlandite; (2) forming a cementitious slurry including the portlandite; (3) shaping the cementitious slurry into a structural component; and (4) exposing the structural component to carbon dioxide sourced from a flue gas stream, thereby forming the concrete product.

A reactor shell for producing hydrogen and/or synthesis gas and/or carbon dioxide from a fed reactive mixture stream is provided. The reactor shell includes: at least one reactive stream duct formed within the reactor shell, at least one structured ceramic catalyst having a plurality of juxtaposed hollow ceramic subunits, and at least one electrical heating means for heating the structured ceramic catalyst up to a predetermined reaction temperature. The reactor shell is characterized by an electrically heated structured ceramic catalyst. The electrical heating means is arranged inside at least some of the hollow ceramic subunits in a manner that there still remains a flowing passage.

A device and a process to propagate molecular growth of hydrocarbons, either straight or branched chain structures, that naturally occur in the gas phase of a first gas to gas phase molecules of a second gas having higher molecular chain lengths than the hydrocarbons of the first gas. According to one embodiment, the device includes a grounded reactor vessel having a gas inlet, a product outlet, and an electrode within the vessel; a power supply coupled to the electrode for creating an electrostatic field within the vessel for converting the first gas to a second gas.

A reactor shell for producing olefins via steam cracking from a fed reactive mixture stream composed of steam and hydrocarbons comprising: at least one reactive stream duct formed within said reactor shell, at least one structured ceramic bed having a plurality of hollow flow paths, at least one electrical resistance heating element for heating the reactive mixture stream up to a predetermined reaction temperature and a coating provided on a surface contacting with the reactive mixture stream is provided. The reactor shell is characterized by that said electrical resistance heating element that is arranged inside at least some of said hollow flow paths in a manner that there still remains a flowing passage inside the hollow flow paths.

Induction heating is applied to thermochemical processes in specially adapted chemical processing units comprising heat exchange channels. Collections of components are housed in portable units adapted for easy setup and maintenance.

The invention relates to devices for disposal of waste in solid, liquid and gaseous state thereof, in particular, it relates to devices for providing waste disposal by plasma-chemical destruction. A technical effect obtained by this invention is implementation of a reactor providing destruction of both organic and inorganic substances of residential solid and/or liquid waste. The technical effect is obtained by a reactor provided in form of a closed cavity having an input orifice connected to a waste feed apparatus and an output orifice for outputting gaseous products of destruction. Inner surfaces of the cavity are made electrically conductive entirely or partially and an electrode is inserted into the reactor. The electrode is isolated from the conductive surfaces and connected to a source of high-voltage pulses, and size of a gap between the electrode and the conductive surfaces of the cavity provides formation of plasma streamers by corona discharge.

The invention relates to methods of household waste management, in particular, to methods of disposing waste by plasma-chemical destruction method. The invention is directed to attaining a technical effect of broadening range of technical solutions by providing a method of destruction of household waste at low temperature of treatment that is comparable to environment temperature. This technical effect is attained by a destruction method, where household waste is fed into a reactor via an input opening, and entry of atmospheric air into the reactor is restricted. The reactor is a closed cavity, whose inner surface is made conductive entirely or partially and is grounded. An electrode protrudes into the reactor, and this electrode is isolated from the grounded surface. High-voltage pulses are supplied to the electrode. The pulses cause formation of corona discharge streamers in a gap between the electrode and the conductive surface of the reactor.

The invention relates to cremation of dead bodies of humans or animals by plasma-chemical destruction method. A mobile crematorium includes a chassis bearing a reactor implemented as a closed cavity with an opening for placing dead bodies of humans or animals to be cremated into the reactor, and to close the reactor after that, and also with an opening for outputting gaseous products. The crematorium additionally includes a source of high-voltage pulses, that is connected to an electrode protruding into the reactor via an isolating member, wherein inner surfaces of the reactor cavity are made conductive entirely or partially and a gap is provided between the inner surfaces and the electrode, the gap assuring generation of corona discharge plasma in the reactor due to the high-voltage pulses.

Systems and methods for producing ammonia are described. In one embodiment, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen are dissolved in a solution. A glutamine synthetase inhibitor and autotrophic diazotroph bacteria are also placed in the solution.