A reactor for carrying out a chemical reaction has a reactor vessel, one or more reaction tubes and means for the electrical heating of the one or more reaction tubes. The reactor vessel has one or more discharge orifices which are permanently open or are set up to open above a preset pressure level, and gas feed means are provided, which are set up to feed an inerting gas into an interior of the reactor vessel.

The present invention discloses a coal-to-acetylene plasma reactor having coking inhibition and online decoking functions, comprising a vertically arranged cathode rod, an anode and a circulating cooling water jacket arranged outside the anode, the anode includes from top to bottom an anode of the electric arc operation section for cooperating with the cathode rod to generate an electric arc, and an anode of the reaction section located below the electric arc, the anode is grounded, the inner diameter of the anode of the reaction section is 1.2 to 10 times the inner diameter of the anode of the electric arc operation section, and the junction of the anode of the reaction section and the anode of the electric arc operation section is circumferentially provided with a decoking nozzle that can spray a decoking medium toward the anode of the reaction section. The present invention uses the method of changing the inner diameter of the reactor and setting nozzles for diaphragm protection, fundamentally suppressing or even eliminating the coking phenomenon during the operation of the reactor, no need to set the decoking cycle, and realizing the continuous cracking operation of the reactor.

Provided herein is a method and a device for continuous synthesis of graphene. The device includes a container having a space for holding a carbon source, wherein the container has an entry opening for receiving the carbon source material, at least two electrodes for applying an electrical current through the space for joule heating the carbon source, wherein the space for joule heating the carbon source is between the at least to electrodes, and a movement component for moving the carbon source, with respect to the container, into the entry opening in a first direction and the at least two electrodes apply the electrical current in a second direction, wherein the first direction is not the same as the second direction.

The process and apparatus according to the invention allow the production of chemical compounds without the use of catalysts. For this purpose, the reactants necessary for the desired products are fed to compression reactors. In addition, the reaction conditions are controlled by means of an electronic control device. For this purpose, among other things, the compression reactors are combined with an electric motor, thereby influencing the residence time in the reactors. In addition, it is planned to raise the reactant pressures with the help of a compressor. In addition, the operating conditions are recorded with suitable sensors and/or analysers.

The process and apparatus according to the invention allow the production of hydrocarbons and ammonia without the use of catalysts. For this purpose, waste gases containing CO.sub.2 or N.sub.2 from an upstream process are fed to compression reactors. In addition, hydrogen from an electrolyzer is fed to these reactors to enable hydrogenation of the fed substances. Methane, alcohols and ammonia, for example, can be produced by this process. In order to increase the yield of the process, it is planned to raise the reactant pressure with the aid of a compressor.

The invention relates to a device consisting of a reactor facility for the electrolytic treatment, with relation to flow dynamics, of fluid or gaseous media or mixtures of the two. In the context of this invention, electrolytic treatment with relation to flow dynamics means the combination of the production of at least one rotating fluid eddy and the eversion of the eddy by means of electrolysis taking place in the reactor facility. The guided fluid eddy is efficiently treated, cleaned and disinfected by this combination in the reactor facility according to the invention. The invention further relates to a method for the electrolytic treatment, with relation to flow dynamics, of fluid media in the reactor facility according to the invention.

In a first implementation, a method for exfoliation of graphene flakes from a graphite sample includes compressing a graphite sample in an electrochemical reactor and applying a voltage between the graphite sample and an electrode in the electrochemical cell.

Disclosed herein is a rotary tube furnace configured to facilitate a chemical reaction between a solid mass and a gas in the furnace. The rotary tube furnace may comprise a reaction chamber extending through the furnace, the reaction chamber configured to control ingress and egress of each of the solid mass and the gas in the reaction chamber; a passage way configured to supply the solid mass to the reaction chamber; a passage way configured to supply the gas to the reaction chamber and circulate the gas through the reaction chamber; a heater providing heat to the reaction chamber and configured to control a reaction temperature in the reaction chamber; a magnetic field source in proximity to the reaction chamber for generating a magnetic field to one or more reaction zones of the reaction chamber; wherein the reaction chamber provides for mixing the solid mass and the gas.

The invention includes apparatus and methods for instantiating hydrogen in a nanoporous carbon powder.

The present invention describes a PEF (pulsed electric field) chamber 1 intended for treating a flow with electric field pulses, said PEF chamber comprising a PEF treatment tube 2 and opposite electrode units 3, 4, wherein said opposite electrode units 3, 4 each has one flow receiving end 5a, 5b and one flow exit end 6a, 6b, wherein the PEF treatment tube 2 comprises exit flow portions 7a, 7b arranged subsequent to the flow exit ends 6a, 6b of the electrode units 3, 4 in the intended flow direction, and thus functioning as an extension of the opposite electrode units 3, 4 in the intended flow direction, wherein the exit flow portions 7a, 7b of the PEF treatment tube 2 are arranged to provide a geometrical narrowing 20 subsequent to the flow exit ends 6a, 6b.