The invention consists of pristine graphene and fullerenes.

The invention relates to a polymerization and post-tempering device (10) for tempering, in particular post-tempering, dental restoration parts (54) made of polymerizable plastics. At least one light source (38) which emits light in the visible and/or ultraviolet wavelength range and a light chamber with a door (14) to the light chamber are provided. The door (14) comprises a window (20) with a window pane (22) which consists of at least two layers (56, 58) whose layer facing the light chamber reflects at least 90%, in particular approximately 95%, of light, and whose layer facing away from the light chamber filters out UV light and/or blue light.

InGaN offers a route to high efficiency overall water splitting under one-step photo-excitation. Further, the chemical stability of metal-nitrides supports their use as an alternative photocatalyst. However, the efficiency of overall water splitting using InGaN and other visible light responsive photocatalysts has remained extremely low despite prior art work addressing optical absorption through band gap engineering. Within this prior art the detrimental effects of unbalanced charge carrier extraction/collection on the efficiency of the four electron-hole water splitting reaction have remained largely unaddressed. To address this growth processes are presented that allow for controlled adjustment and establishment of the appropriate Fermi level and/or band bending in order to allow the photochemical water splitting to proceed at high rate and high efficiency. Beneficially, establishing such material surface charge properties also reduces photo-corrosion and instability under harsh photocatalysis conditions.

A vehicle lift system configured for wireless charging is disclosed. The vehicle lift system includes a vehicle lift and a light transmitter. The vehicle lift includes a base, a carriage, a lift actuator, a battery, and a photovoltaic receiver. The carriage is configured for receiving a wheel of a vehicle. The lift actuator is configured to vertically raise and lower the carriage relative to the base. The battery is configured to provide electrical energy to the vehicle lift. The photovoltaic receiver is electrically coupled with the battery. The light transmitter is configured for transmitting electrical energy to said photovoltaic receiver. Thus, the battery of the vehicle lift can be recharged wirelessly, such that the vehicle lift need not have a wired power connection.

Disclosed are a microwave-enhanced extruder facility and an organic reaction module. The microwave-enhanced extruder facility includes a screw extruder and a microwave generator. The screw extruder includes a feeding module and an organic reaction module. The feeding module includes a plurality of conveying blocks connected to each other. First barrels are clamped in the first conveying blocks, and screws are arranged in the first barrels. The organic reaction module is connected to the microwave generator and includes a second conveying block, and the microwave generator is connected to the second conveying block. The second conveying block is provided with two clamping plates and a frame connecting the two clamping plates. A second barrel is clamped in the second conveying block. Waveguide tubes are connected to the upper and lower ends of the second conveying blocks respectively.

In order to provide an apparatus for industrially producing a fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregate (CNB), the apparatus comprises: a target holding unit holding a carbon target in sheet form containing a metal catalyst such as Fe; a light source irradiating a laser beam on a surface of the carbon target; a movement unit moving one of the target held by the target holding unit and the light source relative to the other to move the irradiation position of the laser beam on the surface of the target; a production chamber configured to irradiate the carbon target with the laser beam in an atmosphere of non-oxidizing gas to produce a product including the fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregate; a collection mechanism collecting carbon vapor evaporated from the target by irradiation of the laser beam to collect nanocarbon including the fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregate; and a control unit controlling an operation of the movement unit or the light source so that the power density of the laser beam irradiated to the surface of the carbon target is substantially constant, and the irradiation position of the laser beam is moved to a region adjacent to a region previously irradiated by the laser beam, an interval being formed therebetween that is equal to or larger than the width of an altered region formed on the periphery of the region irradiated by the laser beam.

Disclosed herein is a substrate which includes a functional group protected with a photolabile group covalently attached to the substrate and a film of solvent thereof covering the substrate, where the thickness of the film is less than about 100 μm. Also disclosed herein are methods of preparing such substrates. Further disclosed are methods of synthesizing polymers, methods of synthesizing arrays of polymers and methods of removing photolabile protecting groups. These methods all employ covering the substrate with a thin film of solvent where the thickness of the film is less than 100 μm.

Method and systems for desorbing NH.sub.3 from an NH.sub.3-adsorbent material by exposing the adsorbent material to microwave radiation are described. Also described are methods for increasing an NH.sub.3 cracker's NH.sub.3 utilization and reducing the chance of downstream process contamination. Also described are methods of producing high pressure, high purity H.sub.2 from NH.sub.3.

The present disclosure provides a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a porous graphene layer across a precursor material layer on a substrate. The method comprises: determining a first temperature threshold and a second temperature threshold, the first temperature threshold being a minimum temperature required for forming the porous graphene layer from a precursor material layer on a portion of the substrate, the second temperature threshold being one at which the substrate is likely to experience thermal damages above this temperature threshold; determining at least one of operating parameters of a light source, wherein exposing the precursor material layer to the light source that is operating under the at least one of the operating parameters causes a temperature of the portion of the substrate adjoining a side of the precursor material layer to maintain below the second temperature threshold and a temperature of the opposite side of the precursor material layer to rise above the first temperature threshold; and generating an a beam of light from the light source to the precursor material layer based on the at least one of operating parameters of the light source to form the porous graphene layer.

Provided is a light irradiation device capable of appropriately suppressing positional misalignment between optical axes even though a plurality of light source modules are disposed in series. A light irradiation device includes a plurality of light source modules disposed in series, in which the light source modules each include a substrate, LED elements disposed on a main surface of the substrate, and an optical element having sidewall sections installed uprightly on side sections of the substrate, and a lens section supported by the sidewall sections and positioned above the LED elements, in which the optical element is made by integrally forming the sidewall sections and the lens section from the same material, and in which a linear expansion coefficient of the substrate, a linear expansion coefficient of the optical element, and a difference in linear expansion coefficient between the substrate and the optical element are within specific ranges.