Methods, systems, and apparatuses for producing one or more of trioxygen, reactive nitrogen species, hydrogen and its ions, oxygen and its ions, and electronically modified oxygen derivatives from oxidizing agents that are exposed to certain frequencies of photon/phonon emissions, exposed for certain amounts of time, and exposed to certain intensities of photon/phonon emissions. The oxidizing agent or oxidizing agents can be exposed to multiple frequencies and wavelengths of photon/phonon emissions and multiple exposures of photon/phonon emissions. The methods displayed provide a new paradigm to perform photocatalytic oxidation of substrates using photon/phonon emissions and/or MPA as energy input, trioxygen, hydrogen and oxygen and its isotopes as the catalysts and oxidizing agents as the oxygen source and the elimination or reduction of dissociation reactions to minimize hindrances to the reactions.

Methods, systems, and apparatuses for producing one or more of trioxygen, reactive nitrogen species, hydrogen and its ions, oxygen and its ions, and electronically modified oxygen derivatives from oxidizing agents that are exposed to certain frequencies of photon/phonon emissions, exposed for certain amounts of time, and exposed to certain intensities of photon/phonon emissions. The oxidizing agent or oxidizing agents can be exposed to multiple frequencies and wavelengths of photon/phonon emissions and multiple exposures of photon/phonon emissions. The methods displayed provide a new paradigm to perform photocatalytic oxidation of substrates using photon/phonon emissions and/or MPA as energy input, trioxygen, hydrogen and oxygen and its isotopes as the catalysts and oxidizing agents as the oxygen source and the elimination or reduction of dissociation reactions to minimize hindrances to the reactions.

A cassette system capable of a germicidal treatment of highly opaque liquids, featuring a filter, which prevents wavelengths above the UV-C spectrum reaching the liquid being treated, one or more spiral-shaped tubes extending from an inlet end to an outlet end creating a fluidic pathway, and one or more light sources illuminating the one or more spiral-shaped tubes, wherein the one or more light sources emit light in a wavelength range between 180-300 nm.

Provided is a method of manufacturing a module structure for photomicro-reactors. The method of manufacturing a module structure for photomicro-reactors according to an aspect of the present invention, which is a method of manufacturing the module structure for photomicro-reactors inside which a reactant and a photocatalyst flow and photochemically react, includes mixing a polymer and a photoinitiator to prepare a photocurable resin, exposing one region of a surface of the photocurable resin to ultraviolet light to form a unit layer having a predetermined thickness, placing the photocurable resin on an upper side of the unit layer, and forming and stacking a plurality of the unit layers by repeatedly performing the forming of the unit layer and the placing of the photocurable resin to form the module structure.

Provided is a novel method that makes it possible to easily sterilize spores and the like in a highly safe manner. A method for producing radicals according to the present invention includes a generation step of generating radicals through photoirradiation of a radical generation source, and the peak wavelength of light used in the photoirradiation is greater than UV wavelengths and 600 nm or less. Also, a method for sterilizing spores according to the present invention includes a treatment step of generating radicals through photoirradiation of a radical generation source and treating spores with the radicals, and the peak wavelength of light used in the photoirradiation is greater than UV wavelengths and 600 nm or less. The peak wavelength is, for example, 405 to 470 nm.

Provided is a novel method that makes it possible to easily sterilize spores and the like in a highly safe manner. A method for producing radicals according to the present invention includes a generation step of generating radicals through photoirradiation of a radical generation source, and the peak wavelength of light used in the photoirradiation is greater than UV wavelengths and 600 nm or less. Also, a method for sterilizing spores according to the present invention includes a treatment step of generating radicals through photoirradiation of a radical generation source and treating spores with the radicals, and the peak wavelength of light used in the photoirradiation is greater than UV wavelengths and 600 nm or less. The peak wavelength is, for example, 405 to 470 nm.

A system for customization of a photochromic article (14) includes a container (12) having an interior (28). At least one actinic radiation source (34) is located in the interior (28) of the container (12). At least one deactivation radiation source (36) is located in the interior (28) of the container (12). A method of customizing a photochromic article (14) includes inserting a photochromic article (14) having at least one non-thermally reversible photochromic material into a container (12) having at least one actinic radiation source (34) and actuating the at least one actinic radiation source (34) to activate the at least one non-thermally reversible photochromic material.

A system for customization of a photochromic article (14) includes a container (12) having an interior (28). At least one actinic radiation source (34) is located in the interior (28) of the container (12). At least one deactivation radiation source (36) is located in the interior (28) of the container (12). A method of customizing a photochromic article (14) includes inserting a photochromic article (14) having at least one non-thermally reversible photochromic material into a container (12) having at least one actinic radiation source (34) and actuating the at least one actinic radiation source (34) to activate the at least one non-thermally reversible photochromic material.

A photothermal catalytic method for production of hydrogen peroxide without a sacrificial reagent on the basis of a porphyrin-based supermolecule is provided. The method includes the following steps: uniformly mixing a porphyrin-based supermolecule photocatalyst with a concentration of 0.3-1.5 g/L with ultrapure water, conducting irradiation with a visible light for a period of time under stirring at a temperature of 40-80° C. and an O.sub.2 flow rate of 50-150 mL/min, and then filtering and concentrating a reaction liquid to obtain an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution with a high concentration. According to the new photothermal catalytic method for preparing the hydrogen peroxide provided in the present disclosure, no organic solvent (such as ethanol, isopropanol and benzyl alcohol) is used as a sacrificial reagent, and the method is environmentally friendly and free of pollution. O.sub.2 is used as an oxygen source, sunlight is used as an energy source, and the method is low in energy consumption and high in safety (compared with an industrial anthraquinone method for synthesizing hydrogen peroxide). The method is simple in operation, mild in reaction conditions and high in production of the hydrogen peroxide.

Method for producing and discharging ultrapure hydrogen peroxide gas GPHU into the ambient air, said gas being substantially free of hygroscopic substances and substantially free of metals, primarily for use in bio-oxidative treatments via the blood stream by inhalation, for use in humans and animals. Said method comprises ultrapure hydrogen peroxide gas, alkaline nanostructured nanomaterial metal catalyst, special polymer nanocomposite material NPE and UV light. The ultrapure hydrogen peroxide gas is discharged into the ambient air naturally by the surface of the NPE. Equipment for producing and discharging ultrapure hydrogen peroxide gas into the ambient air is also disclosed.