An alkylation reaction apparatus has n reactors. In the n reactors, there are m reactors including the first reactor that have three reaction zones as defined below. According to the flow direction order of alkylation reaction streams, the three reaction zones are an x reaction zone, a y reaction zone and a z reaction zone respectively; based on the mixing intensity, the mixing intensity of the y reaction zone>the mixing intensity of the x reaction zone>the mixing intensity of the z reaction zone, wherein n≥1 and n≥m. An alkylation reaction system includes the aforementioned alkylation reaction apparatus, and a liquid acid catalyzed alkylation reaction process by using the aforementioned alkylation reaction apparatus or the aforementioned alkylation reaction system.

A device is configured to increase the portion of low-boiling fractions of a liquid, particularly mineral oil. A device includes a pressure wave generator for generating a pressure wave having a first frequency, in which the pressure wave generator is arranged to subject the liquid to the pressure waves in a region of application, at least one pipe which is arranged through which treated liquid flows after the region of application, and means for exciting the at least one pipe through which such treated liquid flows to oscillations of a second frequency, which is the resonance frequency of the excited system.

A turbomachine type chemical reactor for processing a process fluid is presented. The turbomachine type chemical reactor includes at least one impeller section and a stationary diffuser section arranged downstream. The impeller section accelerates the process fluid to a supersonic flow. A shock wave is generated in the stationary diffuser section that instantaneously increases static temperature of the process fluid downstream the shock wave for processing the process fluid. which allows thermally cracking a chemical compound, such as hydrocarbon, in the process fluid. Static pressure of the process fluid is simultaneously increased across the shock wave. The turbomachine type chemical reactor significantly reduces residence time of the process fluid in the chemical reactor and improves efficiency of the chemical reactor.

A cavitation reactor that may be obtained from a centrifugal pump is described. The reactor comprises a stator and a rotor having at least one centrifugal stage accommodated in a chamber of the stator. Two walls of the centrifugal stage define a gap therebetween, which is divided into compartments in fluid communication with the chamber of the stator at the peripheral portion of the centrifugal stage. The wall of the centrifugal stage that is next to the inlet opening of the chamber of the stator is closed at the central portion of the centrifugal stage, to thereby prevent the flow of fluid from the inlet opening to the peripheral portion of the centrifugal stage through the gap.

Chemical reactor with high speed rotary mixing, system thereof, and method thereof, for catalytic thermal conversion of organic (hydrocarbon-containing) materials (coal, plastics, rubber, plant matter, wood shavings, biomass, organic wastes) into diesel and other liquid fuels (automobile or/and jet engine fuels). Relevant to non-conventional commercial scale production of liquid fuels, and to commercial scale processing and disposing of organic waste materials. Chemical reactor includes: integrated combination of a reactor stationary assembly (RSA), having only stationary components remaining stationary during chemical reactor operation, and a reactor rotary mixing assembly (RRMA), having only rotatable components rotating during chemical reactor operation. May include anti-abrasion shield for shielding inner surface of reactor central housing from abrasion during chemical reactor operation. Rotor may include a reinforcement disc. Rotor blades or/and reinforcement disc may include rotor-based performance and process control structural features (openings, or/and protrusions, or/and depressions), for additionally controlling performance of the rotor.

A method and system of using a type of wave rotor to reform a hydrocarbon fluid using pressure waves within the wave rotor to reformulate a hydrocarbon fluid, such as methane or the like, into a lighter hydrocarbon, hydrogen, or, in some instances, hydrogen, partially decomposed hydrocarbon fluid and carbon solids.

A graphene dispersion is provided. The graphene dispersion is formed by a graphene powder and a processing solvent, wherein the graphene in the graphene dispersion has an average diameter of 0.5 μm to 1 μm, 3 to 5 layers, a solid content of 5% to 50%, and a residue oxygen content less than 1 wt %, and after being left to stand for 12 hours, the graphene dispersion has a distribution concentration increasing from the top section to the bottom section of the storage container, a viscosity of 5000 cps to 8000 cps, and a graphene concentration of 20 wt %.

Chemical reactor with high speed rotary mixing, system thereof, and method thereof, for catalytic thermal conversion of organic (hydrocarbon-containing) materials (coal, plastics, rubber, plant matter, wood shavings, biomass, organic wastes) into diesel and other liquid fuels (automobile or/and jet engine fuels). Relevant to non-conventional commercial scale production of liquid fuels, and to commercial scale processing and disposing of organic waste materials. Chemical reactor includes: integrated combination of a reactor stationary assembly (RSA), having only stationary components remaining stationary during chemical reactor operation, and a reactor rotary mixing assembly (RRMA), having only rotatable components rotating during chemical reactor operation. May include anti-abrasion shield for shielding inner surface of reactor central housing from abrasion during chemical reactor operation. Rotor may include a reinforcement disc. Rotor blades or/and reinforcement disc may include rotor-based performance and process control structural features (openings, or/and protrusions, or/and depressions), for additionally controlling performance of the rotor.

A centric spray pipe apparatus is disclosed, The centric spray pipe includes a plurality of nozzles designed to provide full coverage of liquid spray to a vessel.

An apparatus for carrying out chemical reactions is provided. The apparatus comprises a first reactor/reaction zone for carrying out a first chemical reaction and a second reactor/reaction zone for carrying out a second chemical reaction. Each reactor/reaction zone comprises: a) an inner surface and an outer surface which are spaced apart from each other to define a reaction volume configured such that, in use, a respective chemical reaction takes place in the reaction volume, and wherein the inner surface and outer surface are configured for relative rotation with respect to each other, (b) an inlet for introduction of a reagent to the reaction volume, and (b) an outlet through which a reaction product can leave the reaction volume. The reaction products of the first reactor/reaction zone comprise reagents of the second reactor/reaction zone.