Chemical reactor (10) and method for cracking are disclosed. A process fluid is accelerated with axial impulse impellers (40A, 40B) to a velocity greater than Mach 1 and, in turn, generating a shock wave (90) in the process fluid by decelerating it in a static diffuser (70) having diverging diffuser passages (72). Temperature increase of the process fluid downstream of the shockwave cracks or splits molecules, such as hydrocarbons entrained in the process fluid, in a single pass, through a unidirectional flow path (F), within a single stage, without recirculating the process fluid for another pass through the same stage. In some embodiments, a system involving at least two turbomachine chemical reactors (110) may provide multiple successive stages of one or more axial impulse impellers (40A, 40B), paired with a diverging passage, static diffuser (70).

Chemical reactor with high speed rotary mixing, system thereof, and method thereof, for catalytic thermal conversion of organic (hydrocarbon-containing) materials (coal, plastics, rubber, plant matter, wood shavings, biomass, organic wastes) into diesel and other liquid fuels (automobile or/and jet engine fuels). Relevant to non-conventional commercial scale production of liquid fuels, and to commercial scale processing and disposing of organic waste materials. Chemical reactor includes: integrated combination of a reactor stationary assembly (RSA), having only stationary components remaining stationary during chemical reactor operation, and a reactor rotary mixing assembly (RRMA), having only rotatable components rotating during chemical reactor operation. May include anti-abrasion shield for shielding inner surface of reactor central housing from abrasion during chemical reactor operation. Rotor may include a reinforcement disc. Rotor blades or/and reinforcement disc may include rotor-based performance and process control structural features (openings, or/and protrusions, or/and depressions), for additionally controlling performance of the rotor.

A polyester with ultra-high flowability and good stability over time is provided. The polyester can be polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) or another aliphatic polyester, whose intrinsic viscosity (IV) is less than 0.6 dL/g and a carboxylic end group (CEG) content is 15 meq/kg or less, and characterized by having a melt volume rate (MVR) of greater than 400 cm.sup.3/10 min at 250° C. A resin composition of this polyester is provided, which can be meltblown into microfibers of a uniform diameter and a concentrated diameter distribution, forming a fabric with a uniform small pore size.

Chemical reactor (10) and method for cracking are disclosed. A process fluid is accelerated with axial impulse impellers (40A, 40B) to a velocity greater than Mach 1 and, in turn, generating a shock wave (90) in the process fluid by decelerating it in a static diffuser (70) having diverging diffuser passages (72). Temperature increase of the process fluid downstream of the shockwave cracks or splits molecules, such as hydrocarbons entrained in the process fluid, in a single pass, through a unidirectional flow path (F), within a single stage, without recirculating the process fluid for another pass through the same stage. In some embodiments, a system involving at least two turbomachine chemical reactors (110) may provide multiple successive stages of one or more axial impulse impellers (40A, 40B), paired with a diverging passage, static diffuser (70).

The invention relates to an exfoliation method according to which a fluid loaded with particles flows at a first flow rate into a first (2), and then into a second, section of a pipe (1), the first flow rate being suitable for generating shear stresses and cavitation bubbles in the fluid as it passes through the first section (2) of the pipe (1), the second section (3) having a hydraulic diameter suitable for bringing about an implosion of cavitation bubbles as soon as the fluid exits the first section (2) and flows into the second section (3), so that an exfoliation of the particles is brought about under the combined action of the shear stresses and a shock wave generated by the implosion of the cavitation bubbles, the first section (2) having a hydraulic diameter less than 300 μm.

The present disclosure relates to a continuous flow process for preparing conducting polymers, for example polyaniline. The continuous flow process can provide a controlled synthesis of a conducting polymer from an emulsion comprising a polymerizable organic monomer and a free radical initiator in flow within a temperature controlled continuous flow reactor comprising at least one mixing element. The present disclosure also relates to the conducting polymers prepared by the continuous flow process.

Chemical reactor with high speed rotary mixing, system thereof, and method thereof, for catalytic thermal conversion of organic (hydrocarbon-containing) materials (coal, plastics, rubber, plant matter, wood shavings, biomass, organic wastes) into diesel and other liquid fuels (automobile or/and jet engine fuels). Relevant to non-conventional commercial scale production of liquid fuels, and to commercial scale processing and disposing of organic waste materials. Chemical reactor includes: integrated combination of a reactor stationary assembly (RSA), having only stationary components remaining stationary during chemical reactor operation, and a reactor rotary mixing assembly (RRMA), having only rotatable components rotating during chemical reactor operation. May include anti-abrasion shield for shielding inner surface of reactor central housing from abrasion during chemical reactor operation. Rotor may include a reinforcement disc. Rotor blades or/and reinforcement disc may include rotor-based performance and process control structural features (openings, or/and protrusions, or/and depressions), for additionally controlling performance of the rotor.

Chemical reactor with high speed rotary mixing, system thereof, and method thereof, for catalytic thermal conversion of organic (hydrocarbon-containing) materials (coal, plastics, rubber, plant matter, wood shavings, biomass, organic wastes) into diesel and other liquid fuels (automobile or/and jet engine fuels). Relevant to non-conventional commercial scale production of liquid fuels, and to commercial scale processing and disposing of organic waste materials. Chemical reactor includes: integrated combination of a reactor stationary assembly (RSA), having only stationary components remaining stationary during chemical reactor operation, and a reactor rotary mixing assembly (RRMA), having only rotatable components rotating during chemical reactor operation. May include anti-abrasion shield for shielding inner surface of reactor central housing from abrasion during chemical reactor operation. Rotor may include a reinforcement disc. Rotor blades or/and reinforcement disc may include rotor-based performance and process control structural features (openings, or/and protrusions, or/and depressions), for additionally controlling performance of the rotor.

A continuous process for preparing a zeolitic material comprising (i) preparing a mixture comprising a source of YO.sub.2, optionally a source of X.sub.2O.sub.3, and a liquid solvent system; (ii) continuously feeding the mixture prepared in (i) into a continuous flow reactor at a liquid hourly space velocity in the range of from 0.3 to 20 h.sup.−1 for a duration of at least 1 h; and (iii) crystallizing the zeolitic material from the mixture in the continuous flow reactor, wherein the mixture is heated to a temperature in the range of from 100 to 300° C.; wherein the volume of the continuous flow reactor is in the range of from 150 cm.sup.3 to 75 m.sup.3, as well as to zeolitic materials which may be obtained according to the inventive process and to their use.

A polyester with ultra-high flowability and good stability over time is provided. The polyester can be polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) or another aliphatic polyester, whose intrinsic viscosity (IV) is less than 0.6 dL/g and a carboxylic end group (CEG) content is 15 meq/kg or less, and characterized by having a melt volume rate (MVR) of greater than 400 cm.sup.3/10 min at 250° C. A resin composition of this polyester is provided, which can be meltblown into microfibers of a uniform diameter and a concentrated diameter distribution, forming a fabric with a uniform small pore size.