Chemical reactors (10) and methods crack hydrocarbons in process fluids by accelerating the process fluid to a velocity greater than Mach 1 with an axial impulse impeller (40) and generating a shock wave (90) in the process fluid by decelerating it in a static diffuser (70) having diverging diffuser passages (72). Temperature increase of the process fluid downstream of the shockwave cracks the entrained hydrocarbons in a single pass, through a unidirectional flow path (F), within a single stage, without recirculating the process fluid for another pass through the same stage. In some embodiments, the turbomachine chemical reactor (110) has multiple successive stages of one or more axial impulse impellers (40A, 40B), paired with a diverging passage, static diffuser (70). Successive stages crack additional hydrocarbons by successively raising temperature of the flowing process fluid.

A system for producing a functionalized olefinic-based polymer, the system comprising a polymerization zone for producing an olefinic-based polymer comprising a mixing section, a deliquifying section, and a quenching section, wherein at least one section of the polymerization zone has a defined cross-sectional area that continually decreases from a first end to a second end of said section; a devolatilization zone comprising a kneader or extruder, wherein said devolatilization zone is downstream of said polymerization zone and in fluid communication with said polymerization zone; and a functionalization zone downstream of said devolatilization zone and in fluid communication with said devolatilization zone.

A built-in micro interfacial enhanced reaction system and process for PTA production with PX are provided. The system includes a reactor and a micro interfacial unit disposed inside reactor. The reactor includes a shell, an inner cylinder concentrically disposed inside shell, and a circulating heat exchange device partially disposed outside shell, inner cylinder having a bottom end connected to inner bottom surface of the shell in closed manner and an open top end, a region between shell and inner cylinder being first reaction zone, inner cylinder containing second reaction zone and third reaction zone from top to bottom, circulating heat exchange device being connected to inner cylinder and micro interfacial unit respectively. The invention can solve problems of large waste of reaction solvent acetic acid under high temperature and high pressure and being unable to take out the product TA in time during existing process of PTA production with PX.

The present invention relates to a high purity synthetic fluorite (CaF.sub.2). The present invention further relates to a process and an apparatus for preparing said high purity synthetic fluorite (CaF.sub.2), classified as acid grade, starting from fluorosilicic acid H.sub.2SiF.sub.6 (FSA) and calcium carbonate (CaCO.sub.3). Finally, the present invention relates to the use of said high purity synthetic fluorite (CaF.sub.2) in the industrial production of hydrofluoric acid.

Chemical reactors (10) and methods crack hydrocarbons in process fluids by accelerating the process fluid to a velocity greater than Mach 1 with an axial impulse impeller (40) and generating a shock wave (90) in the process fluid by decelerating it in a static diffuser (70) having diverging diffuser passages (72). Temperature increase of the process fluid downstream of the shockwave cracks the entrained hydrocarbons in a single pass, through a unidirectional flow path (F), within a single stage, without recirculating the process fluid for another pass through the same stage. In some embodiments, the turbomachine chemical reactor (110) has multiple successive stages of one or more axial impulse impellers (40A, 40B), paired with a diverging passage, static diffuser (70). Successive stages crack additional hydrocarbons by successively raising temperature of the flowing process fluid.

A system and method for a polyolefin reactor temperature control system having a first reactor temperature control path, a second reactor temperature control path, and a shared temperature control path. The shared temperature control path is configured to combine and process coolant return streams, and to provide coolant supply for the first reactor temperature control path and the second reactor temperature control path.

Disclosed are a graphene material production device and a system including the device. The device includes: a first reaction component, a second reaction component and a negative pressure generating component. The first reaction component includes a first reaction chamber and a first material outlet arranged at a bottom of the first reaction chamber. The second reaction component includes a second reaction chamber and a second material inlet. A connecting passage between the first material outlet and the second material inlet is provided with a valve. A suction hole of the negative pressure generating component is provided inside the second reaction chamber. The use of the device in the process of producing a graphene material by a redox method can overcome the problem that the viscous material is difficult to transfer, thereby reducing the production difficulty and effectively improving the production efficiency of graphene materials.

Cost effective, semi-continuous flow methods and systems for synthesizing the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in high yield are provided. The synthesis method that uses simple, inexpensive reagents to obtain the crucial intermediate 5-(ethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)-amino)pentan-2-one, vertical-integration of the starting material 5-iodopentan-2-one and the integration of continuous stirred tank reactors.

A method and a system for treatment of a spent chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalyst and an alkaline wastewater, where the method includes: 1) mixing the catalyst with a concentrated brine for hydrolysis reaction until residual activity of the catalyst is completely eliminated, to obtain an acidic hydrolysate and an acid-soluble oil; 2) mixing the acidic hydrolysate with a lye containing the alkaline wastewater for neutralization reaction until this reaction system becomes weak alkaline, to obtain a neutralization solution; 3) fully mixing the neutralization solution with a flocculant, carrying out sedimentation and separation, collecting the concentrated brine at an upper layer for reuse in the hydrolysis reaction, and collecting concentrated flocs at a lower layer; 4) dehydrating the concentrated flocs to obtain concentrated brine for reuse into the hydrolysis reaction, and collecting a wet solid slag; and 5) drying the wet solid slag to obtain a dry solid slag.

The present invention relates to a process for synthesizing lactide, comprising the steps of: adding thermal energy to at least one solvent; providing one or more components to at least one reactor, the one or more components comprising lactic acid and the at least one solvent; converting at least part of the lactic acid into lactide and water; and recovering at least part of the lactide;
wherein the step of adding thermal energy to the at least one solvent is performed prior to the step of adding the at least one solvent to the at least one reactor;
wherein the at least one solvent is provided in the at least one reactor independently from the lactic acid by a separate entry into the at least one reactor; and,
wherein the step of converting at least part of the lactic acid into lactide and water is performed in one step.