This disclosure describes an improved heat transfer system for use in reaction vessels used in chemical and biological processes. In one embodiment, a heat transfer baffle comprising two sub-assemblies adjoined to one another is provided.

A vessel for the downflow of a preferably hydrocarbon liquid, containing solid particles: a bottom comprising a cylindrical upper part (11), a lower part (12) with a decreasing cross section and a varying angle of inclination with respect to the vertical axis (Z), and an outlet pipe (9); injections (5) and (6) of recirculated and/or of makeup liquid into the lower and upper parts respectively; injections (5) inclined with respect to the tangent to the wall of the lower part at the injection point by an angle 1 in the vertical plane (xz) and by an angle 2 in the horizontal plane (xy); injections (6) are inclined with respect to the wall of the upper part by an angle 01 in the vertical plane (xz) and by an angle 2 in the horizontal plane (xy).

The invention relates weldments useful as heat transfer tubes in pyrolysis furnaces. The invention relates to tubes that are useful in pyrolysis furnaces. The weldments include a tubular member and at least one mixing element. The tubular member comprises an aluminum-containing alloy. The mixing element comprises an aluminum-containing alloy. The mixing element's aluminum-containing alloy can be the same as or different from the tubular member's aluminum-containing alloy. Other aspects of the invention relate to pyrolysis furnaces which include such weldments, and the use of such pyrolysis furnaces for hydrocarbon conversion processes such as steam cracking.

A mixing reactor for precipitating nanoparticles by mixing a precursor fluid with a second fluid at a higher temperature than the precursor fluid. The reactor comprises: a first fluid conduit with an inlet region configured to receive a flow of the precursor fluid, and an outlet region configured to output a mixed flow; and a second fluid conduit configured to receive a flow of the second fluid. The second fluid conduit extends into the first fluid conduit in a direction substantially perpendicular to the flow within the first fluid conduit, and has an opening for introducing the second fluid into the first fluid conduit. Related processes for producing nanoparticles are disclosed.

An apparatus for production of pulverulent polymers having a reactor for droplet polymerization with an apparatus for dropletization of a monomer solution for the preparation of the polymer. The apparatus for dropletization has holes through which the monomer solution is introduced, an addition point for a gas above the apparatus for dropletization, at least one gas withdrawal point at the periphery of the reactor and a fluidized bed, wherein at least one of the following is fulfilled: an apparatus for increasing turbulence in the gas flow is disposed in the region of the apparatus for dropletization of the monomer solution, an apparatus for increasing turbulence in the gas flow is disposed in the region of the addition point for the gas, the addition point for gas is configured such that elevated turbulence is generated.
A process for producing pulverulent polymers, in which an increase in flow turbulence in the gas flow in the region of the apparatus for dropletization also is disclosed.

The invention relates to an apparatus for producing pulverulent poly(meth)acrylate, comprising a reactor for droplet polymerization having an apparatus for dropletization of a monomer solution for the preparation of the poly(meth)acrylate having holes through which the monomer solution is introduced, an addition point for a gas above the apparatus for dropletization, at least one gas withdrawal point on the circumference of the reactor, a fluidized bed and an apparatus for product discharge from the fluidized bed. The apparatus for product discharge comprises a discharge apparatus, with a backup segment (39) disposed above the discharge apparatus.

The invention relates to the technical field of chemical pharmaceutical equipment, in particular to a baffling tube box, a continuous flow reactor, a continuous flow reaction system and a control system. The continuous flow reactor comprises a shell, wherein the shell is provided with a shell pass inlet and a shell pass outlet which are communicated with an inner cavity of the shell, tube plates and communication devices are connected to upper and lower ends of the shell, a reaction tube bank is arranged in the shell and includes a plurality of reaction tubes, upper and lower ends of each reaction tube are fixedly connected to the tube plates in a penetrating manner, and all the reaction tubes are sequentially communicated in series through the communication devices. On one hand, compared with traditional reactors of the same size, the reaction flow is greatly extended, so that a large Reynolds number is obtained under a low flow velocity of reactants, and the turbulent flow effect is greatly improved; and continuous mixing can still be achieved during a continuous flow reaction, so that the condition in each reaction stage can be detected in real time, and installation and assembly are simplified.

The invention includes a gas processing system for transforming a hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into outflow gas products, where the system includes a gas delivery subsystem, a plasma reaction chamber, and a microwave subsystem, with the gas delivery subsystem in fluid communication with the plasma reaction chamber, so that the gas delivery subsystem directs the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the plasma reaction chamber, and the microwave subsystem directs microwave energy into the plasma reaction chamber to energize the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas, thereby forming a plasma in the plasma reaction chamber, which plasma effects the transformation of a hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the outflow gas products, which comprise acetylene and hydrogen. The invention also includes methods for the use of the gas processing system.

The invention relates to a cracking furnace containing a tubular vertical chamber which comprises an inlet for introducing a gas to be treated and an outlet for removing said gas from the chamber, means for heating said gas which include a heating tube extending vertically inside the chamber and coaxial with the chamber, the heating tube being shaped in such a way as to have a closed lower end and being arranged in such a way that the lower end thereof is arranged in the chamber and such that the upper end thereof is connected to a burner of the heating means arranged outside the chamber. The invention also relates to an assembly comprising such a cracking furnace and a device for thermal treatment of biomass and/or waste, an outlet of which is connected to the inlet of said cracking furnace.

The present invention discloses high pressure flow reactor vessels and associated systems. Also disclosed are processes for producing thiol compounds and sulfide compounds utilizing these flow reactor vessels.