Methods and systems for the controlled production of aqueous halogen solutions with varying compositions are disclosed. According to an embodiment, aqueous solutions of hypochlorite ions are modified through the sequential addition of pH adjusting chemicals, non-chloride halide ions, and halogen stabilizing compounds. Sensors, for measuring physical and chemical properties of the solutions as they change due to the impact of the various chemical reactions, are linked to a control system which, in turn, can control the input of one or more chemicals. The control system facilitates the production of a solution with desired characteristics in terms of pH, specific halogen composition, degree of halogen stabilization, and limiting the production of undesired by products such as bromate ions.

A slurry polymerization process for the preparation of polyethylene in a reactor cascade of two or more polymerization reactors wherein monomers are polymerized in the polymerization reactors which include a reactor outlet arranged in each reactor bottom for feeding a reactor slurry to a subsequent polymerization reactor and for emptying the polymerization reactor.

A scrubber for treating exhaust gas generated by combustion of biomass comprises a plurality of chambers each configured to apply a scrubbing medium to the exhaust gas for removing solid particles from the exhaust gas. A first chamber includes at least one nozzle configured to dispense scrubbing liquid in a sheet oriented transversely to a path of flow of exhaust through the first chamber. A second chamber defines a reservoir for containing a bath of scrubbing liquid and further includes a baffle configured to deflect the exhaust gas into the bath. A third chamber is arranged to support a sheet of solid filter medium spanning across the chamber.

The present disclosure relates to a method for continuously manufacturing an ester-based composition and a manufacturing system therefor, the method improving a manufacturing yield by optimizing process variables of each reactor of a reaction unit in which a plurality of reactors are connected in series.

In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a process for producing hydrogen and graphitic carbon from a hydrocarbon gas comprising: contacting at a temperature between 600° C. and 1000° C. the catalyst with the hydrocarbon gas to catalytically convert at least a portion of the hydrocarbon gas to hydrogen and graphitic carbon, wherein the catalyst is a low grade iron oxide.

A process for producing synthesis gas, the process including the steps of: a) in a reforming reactor, reacting a hydrocarbon feed stream together with an oxidant gas stream, thereby producing a first synthesis gas stream; b) providing a heated CO.sub.2 rich gas stream to an adiabatic post converter including a second catalyst active for catalyzing steam methane reforming, methanation and reverse water gas shift reactions; and c) in the adiabatic reforming post converter, letting at least a part of the first synthesis gas stream and the heated CO.sub.2 rich gas stream undergo steam methane reforming, methanation and reverse water gas shift reactions to thereby provide a product gas stream, the product gas stream being a synthesis gas stream. Also, a system for producing synthesis gas.

Systems and processes disclosed may be used to produce a high purity isobutane stream and a high purity 1-butene stream from mixed C4 streams having disparate starting compositions.

The invention relates to an integrated method for thermal conversion and indirect combustion of a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock in a redox chemical loop for producing hydrocarbon streams. The heavy hydrocarbon feedstock (1) is brought into contact with inert particles (2) in a thermal conversion zone (100). Thermal conversion in the absence of hydrogen, water vapour and a catalyst produces a first gaseous effluent of hydrocarbon compounds (4) and coke, which effluent is deposited on the inert particles (5). The latter is then burned in a redox chemical loop (200) in the presence of oxygen-carrying solid particles (6). The inert particles thus flow between the thermal conversion zone (100) and a reduction zone (300) of the chemical loop while the oxygen-carrying solid particles flow between the oxidation (400) and reduction zones (300) of the chemical loop.

Process and reaction system for the preparation of methanol. The process comprises the steps of (a) providing a fresh methanol synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; (b)) introducing and reacting the fresh methanol synthesis gas stream in a first methanol reaction unit in presence of a methanol catalyst and obtaining a first effluent stream containing methanol and unconverted synthesis gas; (c) providing a recycle gas stream containing the unconverted methanol synthesis gas contained in the first effluent stream and unconverted methanol synthesis gas from a second methanol reaction unit; (d) introducing and reacting the recycle gas stream in the second methanol reaction unit in presence of a methanol catalyst; (e) withdrawing a second effluent stream containing methanol and the unconverted methanol synthesis gas from the second methanol reaction unit; (f)) combining the first and a part of the second effluent stream; (g) cooling and separating the combined effluent into a methanol-containing liquid stream and the recycle stream; and (h) withdrawing the remaining part of the second effluent stream a purge gas stream,wherein the remaining part of he second effluent stream is withdrawn as a purge gas stream prior to combining the first and second effluent stream.

A system of utilizing carbon dioxide comprises a carbon dioxide capturing device for capturing carbon dioxide, an electrochemical reaction device for producing synthetic gas by reducing the carbon dioxide captured by the carbon dioxide capturing device, a hydrogen carrier manufacturing device for manufacturing a hydrogen carrier material by using the synthetic gas produced by the electrochemical reaction device, a dehydrogenation device for producing hydrogen from the hydrogen carrier material manufactured by the hydrogen carrier manufacturing device, and a hydrogen utilization device for utilizing hydrogen produced by the dehydrogenation device, wherein the dehydrogenation device further produces carbon dioxide from the hydrogen carrier material and supplies the carbon dioxide to the carbon dioxide capturing device.