In a process for preparing nitric acid, nitrogen oxides are first produced in an ammonia combustion plant and cooled in a condenser to form a nitric acid-containing solution. The nitric acid-containing solution is then supplied to at least one absorption tower in which the nitrogen oxides are brought into contact with water and oxygen, wherein the nitrogen-containing gas mixture reacts with the water and the oxygen at least in part to form an aqueous nitric acid-containing solution which accumulates at the base of the absorption tower and is then compressed and recycled via a conduit back into the absorption tower. In order to minimize the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the offgas from such a plant and to increase the efficiency of the process, the invention proposes injecting ozone into a connection conduit which leads from the condenser to a first absorption tower and conducts the nitric acid-containing solution.

A reverse water-gas shift catalyst that can be used at a high temperature is obtained, and a production method thereof is obtained. The reverse water-gas shift catalyst is obtained by at least supporting one or both of nickel and iron as a catalytically active component on a carrier containing a ceria-based metal oxide or a zirconia-based metal oxide as a main component, and a ratio of the carrier to the entire catalyst is 55% by weight or more.

The present disclosure relates to marine fuel compositions having low sulfur content and processes for making such compositions.

A method for producing a synthetic fuel from hydrogen and carbon dioxide comprises extracting hydrogen molecules from hydrogen compounds in a hydrogen feedstock to produce a hydrogen-containing fluid stream; extracting carbon dioxide molecules from a dilute gaseous mixture in a carbon dioxide feedstock to produce a carbon dioxide containing fluid stream; and processing the hydrogen and carbon dioxide containing fluid streams to produce a synthetic fuel. At least some thermal energy and/or material used for at least one of the steps of extracting hydrogen molecules, extracting carbon dioxide molecules, and processing the hydrogen and carbon dioxide containing fluid streams is obtained from thermal energy and/or material produced by another one of the steps of extracting hydrogen molecules, extracting carbon dioxide molecules, and processing the hydrogen and carbon dioxide containing fluid streams.

The interaction system that causes an interaction between a first fluid and a second fluid includes a plurality of processing units configured so as to cause the second fluid separated in the separation container of each of the plurality of processing units to flow into the processing channel of the interaction unit of a processing unit that is next in flow order to the each of the plurality of processing units, the separation container of the each of the plurality of processing units is connected to the processing channel of the interaction unit of the processing unit that is next in the flow order, a first fluid feeding path that leads the first fluid separated in the separation container of a succeeding stage processing unit among the plurality of processing units from the separation container to the processing channel of the interaction unit of a preceding stage processing unit, a storage container that stores the first fluid led out from the separation container of the succeeding stage processing unit to the first fluid feeding path, and a delivery fluid supply unit that supplies a delivery fluid to the storage container so that the first fluid in the storage container is pushed out by the delivery fluid to flow through the first fluid feeding path into the processing channel of the preceding stage processing unit.

Oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) compounds or ODSO compounds and disulfide oil (DSO) compounds are reacted with a hydrogen addition feed in a hydroprocessing complex. The hydrogen addition process can include naphtha hydrotreatment, middle distillate hydrotreatment, vacuum gas oil hydrocracking, and vacuum gas oil hydrotreatment. The ODSO or ODSO and DSO components are converted to hydrogen sulfide, water and alkanes.

Methods and systems for removing or reducing water and producing epoxide. The methods may include providing a first mixture that includes t-butyl hydroperoxide, t-butyl alcohol, and a first amount of water; and contacting at least a portion of the first mixture with a membrane to reduce the amount of water in the first mixture.

Microorganisms present within a plurality of microorganism clusters immobilized in a porous support material may collectively define a supported bio-catalyst. When the microorganisms are effective to convert methane into one or more oxidized carbon compounds (e.g., methanotrophic bacteria), the supported bio-catalysts may be utilized to remove methane from methane-containing gas streams, such as those obtained from mining ventilation. Methods for processing a methane-containing gas stream may comprise interacting the gas stream with the supported bio-catalyst in substantial absence of a liquid phase, and obtaining a methane-depleted gas stream downstream from the supported bio-catalyst. Systems for processing a methane-containing gas stream may comprise the supported bio-catalysts housed in one or more vessels fluidly coupled to a source of methane-containing gas stream. A gas concentration in the methane-containing gas stream and/or the methane-depleted gas stream may be used to determine a current state or anticipated remaining lifetime of the supported bio-catalyst.

A chemical reformer system has an inlet, a digester, a series of chemical reformers, coolers and separators. The temperatures and pressures of the digester and chemical reformers may be regulated, where the pressure decreases from the first chemical reformer to the last and the temperature increases from the first chemical reformer to the last. The chemical reformer system may be utilized to convert feedstock biomass to output compounds, such as bio-oils.

Provided is a solid carbon production facility including: a separation facility configured to separate a carbon dioxide gas contained in a produced gas produced by a blast furnace; a reaction facility configured to heat a fuel gas whose main component is a methane gas by using a heating facility and decompose the methane gas into solid carbon and a hydrogen gas; and a production facility configured to cause the carbon dioxide gas separated by the separation facility and the hydrogen gas decomposed by the reaction facility to react with each other to produce solid carbon and water.