Oxidative dehydrogenation of paraffins to olefins provides a lower energy route to produce olefins. Oxidative dehydrogenation processes may be integrated with a number of processes in a chemical plant such as polymerization processes, manufacture of glycols, and carboxylic acids and esters. Additionally, oxidative dehydrogenation processes can be integrated with the back end separation process of a conventional steam cracker to increase capacity at reduced cost.

The disclosure relates to systems and methods that include using a plurality of reactors for the conversion of a stream of ammonia (NH.sub.3) to hydrogen (H.sub.2) and nitrogen (N.sub.2). The stream of ammonia is heated prior to introduction into each reactor. The reactors can be adiabatically operated.

The disclosure relates to solar-based reactor tubes and related systems and methods. In general, the reactor tube includes an exterior cylinder, a cylindrical hydrogen-permeable membrane disposed in an interior space of the exterior cylinder, an annular space defined by an outer surface of the cylindrical hydrogen-permeable membrane and an inner surface of the exterior cylinder, a catalyst, and a heating element. A first gas stream and a second gas stream can be configured to pass through the reactor tube. The systems can be used to produce hydrogen (e.g., from ammonia cracking).

Alkylene oxides are polymerized in a tubular reactor. The alkylene oxide is continuously introduced into the tubular reactor through multiple introduction points located along the length of the tubular reactor. Monomer flow rates are increased along the length of the reactor to maintain a nearly constant concentration of unreacted alkylene oxide.

Disclosed is a ballast water treatment system including: a ballast water supply unit for supplying seawater employed as ballast water to a ballast water tank; an electrolysis device receiving a part of the seawater being supplied to the ballast water tank, and generating sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen gas as by-product gas by electrolyzing the part of the seawater being supplied to the ballast water tank via the ballast water supply unit; and a hydrogen gas removing device receiving a gas-liquid mixture of electrolyzed water and the hydrogen gas that are generated in the electrolysis device, removing the hydrogen gas by a catalyst reaction, and supplying remaining electrolyzed water to the ballast water tank via the ballast water supply unit.

The present invention relates to a process for the continuous preparation of core-shell nanoparticles, comprising a core of a core material, preferably of a semiconductor material, and a shell of a shell material, preferably of a semiconductor material, wherein selected starling materials for the shell material are mixed with a dispersion of nanoparticles of the core material and are passed continuously through a reaction zone of a tubular reactor, and other starting materials for the shell material are fed to the reaction zone of the tubular reactor at two or more locations, preferably via a tubular membrane, and the starting materials for the shell material react in the reaction zone to form a shell around the nanoparticles of the core material. The invention also relates to the tubular reactor with the membrane and its use for the continuous synthesis of core-shell nanoparticles.

The invention also relates to core-shell nanoparticles comprising a core of a core material, preferably of a first semiconductor material, and an outer shell of a shell material, characterized in that, between core and shell, there is only a layer of a transition zone, in which the proportion of the core material gradually decreases toward the shell, while the proportion of the shell material gradually increases.

A system and method for producing hydrogen, including providing hydrocarbon and steam into a vessel to a region external to a tubular membrane in the vessel. The method includes steam reforming the hydrocarbon in the vessel via reforming catalyst to generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The method includes diffusing the hydrogen through the tubular membrane into a bore of the tubular membrane, wherein the tubular membrane is hydrogen selective.

Hydrogen-producing fuel processing systems and related methods. The systems include a hydrogen-producing region configured to produce a mixed gas stream from a feedstock stream, a hydrogen-separation membrane module having at least one hydrogen-selective membrane and configured to separate the mixed gas stream into a product hydrogen stream and a byproduct stream, and an oxidant delivery system configured to deliver an oxidant-containing stream to the hydrogen-separation membrane module in situ to increase hydrogen permeance of the hydrogen-selective membrane. The methods include operating a hydrogen-producing fuel processing system in a hydrogen-producing regime, and subsequently operating the hydrogen-producing fuel processing system in a restoration regime, in which an oxidant-containing stream is delivered to the hydrogen-separation membrane module in situ to expose the at least one hydrogen-selective membrane to the oxidant-containing stream to increase the hydrogen permeance of the at least one hydrogen-selective membrane.

The invention relates to a multitubular reactor for dehydrogenation of liquid phase alcohol dehydrogenation and a method of liquid phase alcohol dehydrogenation. Most of the alcohol dehydrogenation reaction is endothermic reaction, the reaction temperature is high and the equilibrium conversion rate is low.

Disclosed is an electrolysis device including: an electrolyzing tank generating electrolyzed water and hydrogen gas as by-product gas by electrolyzing raw water supplied from a raw water supply unit; and a catalyst reaction tank having therein a hydrophobic catalyst, and receiving the hydrogen gas generated from the electrolyzing tank, and removing the hydrogen gas by a catalyst reaction.