A blood treatment material adsorbs and removes blood components such as activated leukocytes and inflammatory cytokines with a high efficiency. The blood treatment material includes a water-insoluble material in the form of fibers or particles, wherein the difference between the maximum value (RaA) and the minimum value (RaB) of the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of the surface of the water-insoluble material, as calculated using a laser microscope, is from 0.30 to 1.50 μm.

A process for forming a composite absorbent structure by advancing a nonwoven web including from 20% to 100% by weight of superabsorbent fibers. Superabsorbent particles may be distributed to the nonwoven web and at least some of the superabsorbent particles may be drawn into void spaces of the nonwoven web to form the composite absorbent structure. The composite absorbent structure may include a nonwoven web comprising from 20% to 100% by weight of superabsorbent fibers, and the superabsorbent particles may be distributed heterogeneously into void spaces within the nonwoven web. The composite absorbent structure may be used in an absorbent article.

In some aspects, the present disclosure pertains to chromatographic materials that comprise (a) a bulk material and (b) a zwitterionic polymer covalently linked to a surface of the bulk material, in which the zwitterionic polymer comprises one or more monomer residues that comprise an amide or urea moiety, a positively charged moiety, and a negatively charged moiety. Other aspects of the present disclosure pertain to chromatographic separation devices that comprise such chromatographic materials, to chromatographic methods that employ such chromatographic separation devices, and to kits that contain (i) such chromatographic materials and (ii) one or more chromatographic devices for containing such materials.

A polymer for liquid chromatography or solid phase extraction is provided. The polymer is prepared by polymerizing styrene and divinylbenzene to form a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer; soaking the styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer in a swelling agent to form nano-scale micropores; and soaking the microporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer in methanol. When packed in a chromatographic column, the polymer can be used to produce produce natural health or medicinal products from Cannabis species, for example, industrial hemp.

A polymer/activated carbon composite made up of a branched polyethylenimine and magnetic cores involving Fe.sub.3O.sub.4 disposed activated carbon. The magnetic cores have activated carbonyl groups on the surface. A process for removing organic dyes, such as methyl red, as well as heavy metal ions from a polluted aqueous solution or an industrial wastewater utilizing the composite is introduced. A method of synthesizing the polymer/activated carbon composites is also specified.

A method of preparing a superabsorbent polymer, which enables the preparation of the superabsorbent polymer exhibiting an improved absorption rate while maintaining excellent absorption performances is provided. The method of preparing the superabsorbent polymer includes carrying out a crosslinking polymerization of a water-soluble ethylene-based unsaturated monomer having acidic groups which are at least partially neutralized, in the presence of an internal crosslinking agent having a predetermined chemical structure to form a water-containing gel polymer, gel-pulverizing the water-containing gel polymer, drying, pulverizing, and size-sorting the gel-pulverized water-containing gel polymer to form a base polymer powder, and carrying out a surface crosslinking of the base polymer powder by a heat treatment in the presence of a surface crosslinking agent, wherein the gel-pulverizing is carried out by extruding the water-containing gel polymer through a porous plate having a plurality of holes using a screw extruder mounted inside a cylindrical pulverizer under a condition that a chopping index is 28 (/s) or more.

A method for concentrating rubber emulsion and a product prepared by the method are provided, the method includes: a concentrated latex is obtained by separating a superabsorbent resin added in advance into a rubber emulsion with a solid content of 0.01-70% after stirring and concentrating the resin-added rubber emulsion. The method requires simple equipment and consumes less energy, and the prepared polymer emulsion has a solid content up to 76%; the superabsorbent resin adopted herein is reusable after drying, which therefore effectively reduces the production cost; natural latex concentrated by the method has rather high yields of dry rubber and little wastewater production; products prepared from the concentrated natural latex have excellent mechanical property, aging resistance and adhesive property; and concentrating natural latex according to this method does not require advance agglomeration, which reduces the production procedures and improves the production efficiency significantly.

A method for concentrating rubber emulsion and a product prepared by the method are provided, the method includes: a concentrated latex is obtained by separating a superabsorbent resin added in advance into a rubber emulsion with a solid content of 0.01-70% after stirring and concentrating the resin-added rubber emulsion. The method requires simple equipment and consumes less energy, and the prepared polymer emulsion has a solid content up to 76%; the superabsorbent resin adopted herein is reusable after drying, which therefore effectively reduces the production cost; natural latex concentrated by the method has rather high yields of dry rubber and little wastewater production; products prepared from the concentrated natural latex have excellent mechanical property, aging resistance and adhesive property; and concentrating natural latex according to this method does not require advance agglomeration, which reduces the production procedures and improves the production efficiency significantly.

A process for obtaining hexachlorodisilane and uses for the same. The process includes contacting at least one partially hydrogenated chlorodisilane of general formula H.sub.xSi.sub.2Cl.sub.(6-x) where x is from 1 to 5 in the liquid state with a solid non-functionalized adsorber material that is selected from the group comprising silicates, aluminosilicates, organic polymer and/or combinations thereof. The process also includes optionally separating the hexachlorodisilane and/or optionally separating the adsorber material.

A smart sand includes raw sand particles, synthetic SiO.sub.2 particles attached to the raw sand particles, a first material attached to a first set of the synthetic SiO.sub.2 particles, a second material attached to a second set of the synthetic SiO.sub.2 particles, and a third material attached to the first material. Each of the first to third materials is different from each other.