A method for processing polyolefins may include contacting solid polyolefins with a solid catalyst to form a reaction mixture. The solid catalyst may be chosen from a zeolite, a microporous aluminosilicate, an alumina, or combinations thereof. The solid polyolefins may be chosen from polyethylene, polypropylene, or combinations thereof. The method may include mechanically agitating the reaction mixture to produce olefin-containing hydrocarbon polymers and separating the olefin-containing hydrocarbon polymers from the solid catalyst. The olefin-containing hydrocarbon polymers include a carbon-carbon double bond in the backbone of the hydrocarbon polymers.

A method for processing polyolefins may include contacting solid polyolefins with a solid catalyst to form a reaction mixture. The solid catalyst may be chosen from a zeolite, a microporous aluminosilicate, an alumina, or combinations thereof. The solid polyolefins may be chosen from polyethylene, polypropylene, or combinations thereof. The method may include mechanically agitating the reaction mixture to produce olefin-containing hydrocarbon polymers and separating the olefin-containing hydrocarbon polymers from the solid catalyst. The olefin-containing hydrocarbon polymers include a carbon-carbon double bond in the backbone of the hydrocarbon polymers.

The present invention relates to a catalyst and a method for preparation of that catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of diolefins present in gasoline streams along with the shifting of lighter sulfur compounds in the feed stock to heavier sulfur compound by the reaction with olefinic compounds.

Carbon nanofiber doped alumina (Al—CNF) supported MoCo catalysts in hydrodesulfurization (HDS), and/or boron doping, e.g., up to 5 wt % of total catalyst weight, can improve catalytic efficiency. Al—CNF-supported MoCo catalysts, (Al—CNF—MoCo), can reduce the sulfur concentration in fuel, esp. liquid fuel, to below the required limit in a 6 h reaction time. Thus, Al—CNF—MoCo has a higher catalytic activity than Al—MoCo, which may be explained by higher mesoporous surface area and better dispersion of MoCo metals on the AlCNF support relative to alumina support. The BET surface area of Al—MoCo may be 75% less than Al—CNF—MoCo, e.g., 166 vs. 200 m.sup.2/g. SEM images indicate that the catalyst nanoparticles can be evenly distributed on the surface of the CNF. The surface area of the AlMoCoB5% may be 206 m.sup.2/g, which is higher than AlMoCoB0% and AlMoCoB2%, and AlMoCoB5% has the highest HDS activity, removing more than 98% sulfur and below allowed levels.

Carbon nanofiber doped alumina (Al—CNF) supported MoCo catalysts in hydrodesulfurization (HDS), and/or boron doping, e.g., up to 5 wt % of total catalyst weight, can improve catalytic efficiency. Al—CNF-supported MoCo catalysts, (Al—CNF—MoCo), can reduce the sulfur concentration in fuel, esp. liquid fuel, to below the required limit in a 6 h reaction time. Thus, Al—CNF—MoCo has a higher catalytic activity than Al—MoCo, which may be explained by higher mesoporous surface area and better dispersion of MoCo metals on the AlCNF support relative to alumina support. The BET surface area of Al—MoCo may be 75% less than Al—CNF—MoCo, e.g., 166 vs. 200 m.sup.2/g. SEM images indicate that the catalyst nanoparticles can be evenly distributed on the surface of the CNF. The surface area of the AlMoCoB5% may be 206 m.sup.2/g, which is higher than AlMoCoB0% and AlMoCoB2%, and AlMoCoB5% has the highest HDS activity, removing more than 98% sulfur and below allowed levels.

A process for preparing an amine by reacting an aldehyde and/or ketone with a nitrogen compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia and primary and secondary amines, and subsequent hydrogenation of the resulting reaction product in the liquid phase and in the presence of hydrogen and a heterogeneous copper oxide hydrogenation catalyst at a temperature of 20 to 230° C., wherein the aldehyde and/or ketone is reacted with the nitrogen compound either together with the hydrogenation in the liquid phase and in the presence of the hydrogen and of the catalyst (alternative 1) or in a step preceding the hydrogenation (alternative 2), and wherein the catalytically active composition of the catalyst, prior to reduction thereof with hydrogen, comprises at least 24% by weight of oxygen compounds of copper, calculated as Cu.

A process for preparing an amine by reacting an aldehyde and/or ketone with a nitrogen compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia and primary and secondary amines, and subsequent hydrogenation of the resulting reaction product in the liquid phase and in the presence of hydrogen and a heterogeneous copper oxide hydrogenation catalyst at a temperature of 20 to 230° C., wherein the aldehyde and/or ketone is reacted with the nitrogen compound either together with the hydrogenation in the liquid phase and in the presence of the hydrogen and of the catalyst (alternative 1) or in a step preceding the hydrogenation (alternative 2), and wherein the catalytically active composition of the catalyst, prior to reduction thereof with hydrogen, comprises at least 24% by weight of oxygen compounds of copper, calculated as Cu.

An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purification catalyst including a wall-flow substrate and a catalyst layer, and having an improved exhaust gas purification performance, and, in order to achieve such an object, the present invention provides an exhaust gas purification catalyst including: a wall-flow substrate, first catalyst layers; and second catalyst layers; wherein the first catalyst layers and the second catalyst layers satisfy the following expressions (1) to (3):

L1<L2  (1)

T1<T2  (2)

WC1>WC2  (3)

wherein L1 represents the length of the first catalyst layers, L2 represents the length of the second catalyst layers, T1 represents the thickness of the rising portions of the first catalyst layers, T2 represents the thickness of the rising portions of the second catalyst layers, WC1 represents the mass of the first catalyst layers per unit volume of the portion of the substrate provided with the first catalyst layers, and WC2 represents the mass of the second catalyst layers per unit volume of the portion of the substrate provided with the second catalyst layers.

An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purification catalyst including a wall-flow substrate and a catalyst layer, and having an improved exhaust gas purification performance, and, in order to achieve such an object, the present invention provides an exhaust gas purification catalyst including: a wall-flow substrate, first catalyst layers; and second catalyst layers; wherein the first catalyst layers and the second catalyst layers satisfy the following expressions (1) to (3):

L1<L2  (1)

T1<T2  (2)

WC1>WC2  (3)

wherein L1 represents the length of the first catalyst layers, L2 represents the length of the second catalyst layers, T1 represents the thickness of the rising portions of the first catalyst layers, T2 represents the thickness of the rising portions of the second catalyst layers, WC1 represents the mass of the first catalyst layers per unit volume of the portion of the substrate provided with the first catalyst layers, and WC2 represents the mass of the second catalyst layers per unit volume of the portion of the substrate provided with the second catalyst layers.

There is provided a method for producing isobutylene, in which isobutylene is produced from isobutanol with a high selectivity while suppressing a decrease in the isobutanol conversion rate under pressure. In the method for producing isobutylene according to the present invention, a raw material gas containing isobutanol is brought into contact with a catalyst to produce isobutylene from isobutanol, the method including bringing the raw material gas containing isobutanol into contact with a catalyst at a linear velocity of 1.20 cm/s or more under a pressure of 120 kPa or more in terms of absolute pressure to produce isobutylene from isobutanol.