Methods of simultaneously converting butanes and methanol to olefins over Ti-containing zeolite catalysts are described. The exothermicity of the alcohols to olefins reaction is matched by endothermicity of dehydrogenation reaction of butane(s) to light olefins resulting in a thermo-neutral process. The Ti-containing zeolites provide excellent selectivity to light olefins as well as exceptionally high hydrothermal stability. The coupled reaction may advantageously be conducted in a staged reactor with methanol/DME conversion zones alternating with zones for butane(s) dehydrogenation. The resulting light olefins can then be reacted with iso-butane to produce high-octane alkylate. The net result is a highly efficient and low cost method for converting methanol and butanes to alkylate.

This invention provides a preparation method of a catalyst for preferential oxidization of CO in a hydrogen-enriched atmosphere, and a catalyst product obtained from the method and its applications thereof. Particularly, in this invention, a wide-temperature catalyst for preferential oxidization of CO in a hydrogen-enriched atmosphere is obtained by depositing one or more of an iron oxide, cobalt oxide, and nickel oxide as a promoter onto the surface of a supported Pt-group noble metal catalyst precursor via chemical vapor deposition or atomic layer deposition. In the wide-temperature catalyst, the active noble metal component has a content of 0.1 to 10 wt %, and the promoter has a content of 0.1 to 10 wt % in terms of the metal element thereof. In the reaction of preferential oxidation of CO in a hydrogen-enriched atmosphere, the catalyst prepared by this invention can exhibit excellent catalytic performance and can achieve high conversion of CO with high selectivity in a wide temperature range of −80 to 200° C., for example. Also, the catalyst can remain stable for a long time even in a case where steam and CO.sub.2 are present in the hydrogen-enriched atmosphere.

This invention provides a preparation method of a catalyst for preferential oxidization of CO in a hydrogen-enriched atmosphere, and a catalyst product obtained from the method and its applications thereof. Particularly, in this invention, a wide-temperature catalyst for preferential oxidization of CO in a hydrogen-enriched atmosphere is obtained by depositing one or more of an iron oxide, cobalt oxide, and nickel oxide as a promoter onto the surface of a supported Pt-group noble metal catalyst precursor via chemical vapor deposition or atomic layer deposition. In the wide-temperature catalyst, the active noble metal component has a content of 0.1 to 10 wt %, and the promoter has a content of 0.1 to 10 wt % in terms of the metal element thereof. In the reaction of preferential oxidation of CO in a hydrogen-enriched atmosphere, the catalyst prepared by this invention can exhibit excellent catalytic performance and can achieve high conversion of CO with high selectivity in a wide temperature range of −80 to 200° C., for example. Also, the catalyst can remain stable for a long time even in a case where steam and CO.sub.2 are present in the hydrogen-enriched atmosphere.

The present invention relates to a catalyst comprising at least one oxide of vanadium, at least one oxide of tungsten, at least one oxide of cerium, at least one oxide of titanium and at least one oxide of niobium, and an exhaust system containing said oxides.

Provided is a technology for efficiently manufacturing 1,3-butadiene from 1,4-butanediol or 3-buten-1-ol in a reaction condition with a high conversion rate. A catalyst for manufacturing 1,3-butadiene, contains: ytterbium oxide as an active component for generating 1,3-butadiene from 1,4-butanediol or 3-buten-1-ol. In addition, a manufacturing method of 1,3-butadiene, includes: a step of obtaining a fluid containing 1,3-butadiene by bringing at least one of 1,4-butanediol and 3-buten-1-ol into contact with the catalyst for manufacturing 1,3-butadiene.

Provided is a technology for efficiently manufacturing 1,3-butadiene from 1,4-butanediol or 3-buten-1-ol in a reaction condition with a high conversion rate. A catalyst for manufacturing 1,3-butadiene, contains: ytterbium oxide as an active component for generating 1,3-butadiene from 1,4-butanediol or 3-buten-1-ol. In addition, a manufacturing method of 1,3-butadiene, includes: a step of obtaining a fluid containing 1,3-butadiene by bringing at least one of 1,4-butanediol and 3-buten-1-ol into contact with the catalyst for manufacturing 1,3-butadiene.

Methods are provided for forming supported catalyst compositions and/or corresponding intermediate catalyst products. The catalyst compositions have improved activity for hydroprocessing of distillate boiling range feeds under hydroprocessing conditions where the hydrogen partial pressure in the hydroprocessing environment is reduced or minimized. The catalyst compositions can correspond to supported CoMo catalysts. The improved activity for hydroprocessing under lower pressure conditions is unexpectedly achieved by using a plurality of treatments with organic compounds during the catalyst formation process. A first treatment with an organic compound can occur prior to, during, and/or after exposing the support to metal precursors for depositing metals on the support. After both the first organic compound and the metal precursors are available in the presence of the support, a first heating and/or carbonizing step can be used to form dispersed metal carbides on the support. The first heating and/or carbonizing step can be performed at intermediate temperatures between 250° C. and 500° C., or 250° C. to 550° C., in order to maintain the metal carbides and/or the support in a favorable state. After treating the supported metal carbides with the secondary organic compound, a sulfidation can be performed where at least an initial portion of the sulfidation occurs at a temperature of 250° C. or less. This can allow the secondary organic compound to substantially remain on the support during at least a portion of the sulfidation process.

Methods are provided for forming supported catalyst compositions and/or corresponding intermediate catalyst products. The catalyst compositions have improved activity for hydroprocessing of distillate boiling range feeds under hydroprocessing conditions where the hydrogen partial pressure in the hydroprocessing environment is reduced or minimized. The catalyst compositions can correspond to supported CoMo catalysts. The improved activity for hydroprocessing under lower pressure conditions is unexpectedly achieved by using a plurality of treatments with organic compounds during the catalyst formation process. A first treatment with an organic compound can occur prior to, during, and/or after exposing the support to metal precursors for depositing metals on the support. After both the first organic compound and the metal precursors are available in the presence of the support, a first heating and/or carbonizing step can be used to form dispersed metal carbides on the support. The first heating and/or carbonizing step can be performed at intermediate temperatures between 250° C. and 500° C., or 250° C. to 550° C., in order to maintain the metal carbides and/or the support in a favorable state. After treating the supported metal carbides with the secondary organic compound, a sulfidation can be performed where at least an initial portion of the sulfidation occurs at a temperature of 250° C. or less. This can allow the secondary organic compound to substantially remain on the support during at least a portion of the sulfidation process.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing a nano-sized, iron-based catalyst, the method comprising: mixing a solution containing an iron salt with a surfactant to form a mixture; adding a basic salt solution comprising a salt of element selected from the group consisting of: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals of groups 3 to 7 and 9 to 11 of the Periodic Table of Elements, lanthanides, and combinations of elements thereof, to the mixture to form a precipitate; and calcining said precipitate to form the iron-based catalyst, said iron-based catalyst at least partially comprising said element of said basic salt. The present invention also relates to a nano-sized, iron-based catalyst prepared by the above method and a process for the production of light olefins using the nano-sized, iron-based catalyst.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing a nano-sized, iron-based catalyst, the method comprising: mixing a solution containing an iron salt with a surfactant to form a mixture; adding a basic salt solution comprising a salt of element selected from the group consisting of: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals of groups 3 to 7 and 9 to 11 of the Periodic Table of Elements, lanthanides, and combinations of elements thereof, to the mixture to form a precipitate; and calcining said precipitate to form the iron-based catalyst, said iron-based catalyst at least partially comprising said element of said basic salt. The present invention also relates to a nano-sized, iron-based catalyst prepared by the above method and a process for the production of light olefins using the nano-sized, iron-based catalyst.