The present disclosure is generally directed to a new and innovative system, process and method that utilize a new “non-oxygen type of oxidizers” process for methane (CH.sub.4) upgrading to value-added products such as olefins and aromatics (i.e., benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX)) etc. and further removing toxic impurities such as sulphur-containing compounds (i.e. H.sub.2S) by using the sulphur as a source of radical.

A hydrogen generator including a series of plates positioned in an electrolysis chamber. The plates are configured to generate hydrogen. The chamber has a water inlet configured to receive water from a water source and a hydrogen outlet configured to allow the hydrogen to exit therefrom. The plates include a positive plate, a negative plate, and a neutral plate. Each of the plates has through-holes configured to allow the water and the hydrogen to flow therethrough. The positive and negative plates are configured to be connected to positive and negative terminals, respectively, of an electrical power source. The water inside the chamber forms an electrical connection between the positive and negative plates that splits the water into the hydrogen and oxygen.

A hydrogen generator including a series of plates positioned in an electrolysis chamber. The plates are configured to generate hydrogen. The chamber has a water inlet configured to receive water from a water source and a hydrogen outlet configured to allow the hydrogen to exit therefrom. The plates include a positive plate, a negative plate, and a neutral plate. Each of the plates has through-holes configured to allow the water and the hydrogen to flow therethrough. The positive and negative plates are configured to be connected to positive and negative terminals, respectively, of an electrical power source. The water inside the chamber forms an electrical connection between the positive and negative plates that splits the water into the hydrogen and oxygen.

The invention relates to a composite oxide comprising CaO stabilised by Ca.sub.3Al.sub.2O.sub.6 (C3A), wherein the composite is in the form of particles. The mixed oxide composite is useful as a catalyst in the transesterification of triglycerides, e.g. in the production of biodiesel. Calcium leaching is more hindered in CaO—Ca.sub.3Al.sub.2O.sub.6 (2Ca/Al) than in CaO—Al.sub.2O.sub.3.

The invention relates to a composite oxide comprising CaO stabilised by Ca.sub.3Al.sub.2O.sub.6 (C3A), wherein the composite is in the form of particles. The mixed oxide composite is useful as a catalyst in the transesterification of triglycerides, e.g. in the production of biodiesel. Calcium leaching is more hindered in CaO—Ca.sub.3Al.sub.2O.sub.6 (2Ca/Al) than in CaO—Al.sub.2O.sub.3.

Provided is a method for regenerating an aromatic amide compound into a corresponding aromatic nitrile compound, the method realizing a dehydration reaction of providing a target compound selectively at a high yield, with generation of a by-product being suppressed. Also provided is a method for producing an aromatic nitrile compound that decreases the number of steps of the dehydration reaction and significantly improves the reaction speed even at a pressure close to normal pressure. In addition, the above-described production method is applied to a carbonate ester production method to provide a method for producing a carbonate ester efficiently. The above-described methods are realized by a method for producing an aromatic nitrile compound including a dehydration reaction of dehydrating an aromatic amide compound, in which the dehydration reaction uses, as a solvent, any of 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, 1,3-dimethoxybenzene and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene.

Provided is a method for regenerating an aromatic amide compound into a corresponding aromatic nitrile compound, the method realizing a dehydration reaction of providing a target compound selectively at a high yield, with generation of a by-product being suppressed. Also provided is a method for producing an aromatic nitrile compound that decreases the number of steps of the dehydration reaction and significantly improves the reaction speed even at a pressure close to normal pressure. In addition, the above-described production method is applied to a carbonate ester production method to provide a method for producing a carbonate ester efficiently. The above-described methods are realized by a method for producing an aromatic nitrile compound including a dehydration reaction of dehydrating an aromatic amide compound, in which the dehydration reaction uses, as a solvent, any of 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, 1,3-dimethoxybenzene and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene.

A method for catalytic synthesis of ammonia under normal pressures, including: performing a reaction of hydrogen and nitrogen to synthesize ammonia under normal pressures by taking a liquid alloy as a catalyst in a reactor, where the reactor contains a molten salt, the density of the molten salt is smaller than that of the liquid alloy, and the molten salt is used for providing a reaction interface and isolating the liquid alloy from being introduced impurities. The first metal can react with the nitrogen to produce the metal nitride, and the molten salt can provide a new reaction interface for the metal nitride to react with the hydrogen to synthesize the ammonia, so that the metal nitride can continuously generate the ammonia, and the synthesis of the ammonia can be effectively catalyzed. In addition, the molten salt can prevent the liquid alloy from contacting with the oxygen and the water vapor of the outside atmosphere, thereby preventing the liquid alloy from being oxidized and prolonging the service life of the liquid alloy.

A method for catalytic synthesis of ammonia under normal pressures, including: performing a reaction of hydrogen and nitrogen to synthesize ammonia under normal pressures by taking a liquid alloy as a catalyst in a reactor, where the reactor contains a molten salt, the density of the molten salt is smaller than that of the liquid alloy, and the molten salt is used for providing a reaction interface and isolating the liquid alloy from being introduced impurities. The first metal can react with the nitrogen to produce the metal nitride, and the molten salt can provide a new reaction interface for the metal nitride to react with the hydrogen to synthesize the ammonia, so that the metal nitride can continuously generate the ammonia, and the synthesis of the ammonia can be effectively catalyzed. In addition, the molten salt can prevent the liquid alloy from contacting with the oxygen and the water vapor of the outside atmosphere, thereby preventing the liquid alloy from being oxidized and prolonging the service life of the liquid alloy.

Provided is a method of producing a porous molded body, the method including: the step of obtaining a molded body by molding a raw material that contains from 1 part by mass to 100 parts by mass of a bicarbonate compound (A) represented by AHCO.sub.3 (wherein, A represents Na or K) and from 0 parts by mass to 99 parts by mass of a compound (B) represented by B.sub.nX (wherein, B represents Na or K; X represents CO.sub.3, SO.sub.4, SiO.sub.3, F, Cl, or Br; and n represents an integer of 1 or 2 as determined by the valence of X) (provided that a total amount of (A) and (B) is 100 parts by mass); and the step of obtaining a porous molded body by performing a heat treatment of the molded body in a temperature range of from 100° C. to 500° C. and an atmosphere that contains water vapor in an amount of from 1.0 g/m.sup.3 to 750,000 g/m.sup.3 and thereby thermally decomposing not less than 90% by mass of the bicarbonate compound (A).