Electrocatalysts composed of single atoms or metal clusters dispersed over porous carbon support were prepared by a lithium-melt method. The new catalysts demonstrated high selectivity, high Faradic efficiency and low overpotential toward to the electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to chemicals.

Electrocatalysts composed of single atoms or metal clusters dispersed over porous carbon support were prepared by a lithium-melt method. The new catalysts demonstrated high selectivity, high Faradic efficiency and low overpotential toward to the electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to chemicals.

A supported catalyst for preparing light olefin using direct conversion of syngas is a composite catalyst and formed by compounding component I and component II in a mechanical mixing mode. The active ingredient of component I is a metal oxide; and the component II is a supported zeolite. A carrier is one or more than one of hierarchical pores Al.sub.2O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, CeO.sub.2, MgO and Ga.sub.2O.sub.3; the zeolite is one or more than one of CHA and AEI structures; and the load of the zeolite is 4%-45% wt. A weight ratio of the active ingredients in the component I to the component II is 0.1-20. The reaction process has an extremely high light olefin selectivity; the sum of the selectivity of the light olefin comprising ethylene, propylene and butylene can reach 50-90%, while the selectivity of a methane side product is less than 7%.

A supported catalyst for preparing light olefin using direct conversion of syngas is a composite catalyst and formed by compounding component I and component II in a mechanical mixing mode. The active ingredient of component I is a metal oxide; and the component II is a supported zeolite. A carrier is one or more than one of hierarchical pores Al.sub.2O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, CeO.sub.2, MgO and Ga.sub.2O.sub.3; the zeolite is one or more than one of CHA and AEI structures; and the load of the zeolite is 4%-45% wt. A weight ratio of the active ingredients in the component I to the component II is 0.1-20. The reaction process has an extremely high light olefin selectivity; the sum of the selectivity of the light olefin comprising ethylene, propylene and butylene can reach 50-90%, while the selectivity of a methane side product is less than 7%.

A catalyst containing LF-type B acid preparing ethylene using direct conversion of syngas is a composite catalyst and formed by compounding component A and component B in a mechanical mixing mode. The active ingredient of the component A is a metal oxide; the component B is a zeolite of MOR topology; and a weight ratio of the active ingredients in the component A to the component B is 0.1-20. The reaction process has an extremely high product yield and selectivity, with the selectivity for light olefin reaching 80-90%, wherein ethylene has high space time yield and can reach selectivity of 75-80%. Meanwhile, the selectivity for a methane side product is extremely low (<15%).

A catalyst containing LF-type B acid preparing ethylene using direct conversion of syngas is a composite catalyst and formed by compounding component A and component B in a mechanical mixing mode. The active ingredient of the component A is a metal oxide; the component B is a zeolite of MOR topology; and a weight ratio of the active ingredients in the component A to the component B is 0.1-20. The reaction process has an extremely high product yield and selectivity, with the selectivity for light olefin reaching 80-90%, wherein ethylene has high space time yield and can reach selectivity of 75-80%. Meanwhile, the selectivity for a methane side product is extremely low (<15%).

A method hydrofluorinates an olefin of the formula: RCX═CYZ to produce a hydrofluoroalkane of formula RCXFCHYZ or RCXHCFYZ, where X, Y, and Z are independently the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, and C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl which is partially or fully substituted with chloro or fluoro or bromo; and R is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with chloro or fluoro or bromo. The method includes reacting the olefin with HF in the vapor phase, in the presence of SbF.sub.5, at a temperature ranging from about −30° C. to about 65° C. and compositions formed by the process.

A composite photocatalyst, a photocatalytic filter for air purification, and an air purification device that includes the photocatalytic filter. The composite photocatalyst includes: a first metal oxide particle; and second metal oxide particles arranged on a surface of the first metal oxide particle, wherein specific surface area of the second metal oxide particles is greater than specific surface area of the first metal oxide particle, and bandgap energy of the second metal oxide particles is greater than bandgap energy of the first metal oxide particle. The composite photocatalyst structure may degrade and remove gaseous pollutants under room temperature and atmospheric pressure conditions. The composite photocatalyst may be applied to various indoor and outdoor air purification systems in the form of a photocatalytic filter.

Proposed are a low-temperature DeNOx catalyst for selective catalytic reduction having improved sulfur resistance and a method of manufacturing the same. The low-temperature DeNOx catalyst for selective catalytic reduction having improved sulfur resistance accelerates the reduction reaction of nitrogen oxides even at low temperatures despite the small amount of vanadium supported, improves sulfur poisoning resistance, does not cause secondary environmental pollution by treated gas, has excellent abrasion resistance and strength and thus the removal efficiency of nitrogen oxides is not reduced even during long-term operation, and is easy to manufacture, thus contributing to commercialization.

Proposed are a low-temperature DeNOx catalyst for selective catalytic reduction having improved sulfur resistance and a method of manufacturing the same. The low-temperature DeNOx catalyst for selective catalytic reduction having improved sulfur resistance accelerates the reduction reaction of nitrogen oxides even at low temperatures despite the small amount of vanadium supported, improves sulfur poisoning resistance, does not cause secondary environmental pollution by treated gas, has excellent abrasion resistance and strength and thus the removal efficiency of nitrogen oxides is not reduced even during long-term operation, and is easy to manufacture, thus contributing to commercialization.