A multi-stage process for the production of an ISO8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core process under reactive conditions in a Reaction System composed of one or more reaction vessels, wherein one or more of the reaction vessels contains one or more catalysts in the form of a structured catalyst bed and is operated under reactive distillation conditions. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed.

The present invention belongs to the field of carbon materials and provides a precursor material and method for the preparation of carbon nanostructures. The invention directly uses rocks or mixtures of carbon raw materials with metal or metal oxide catalysts to prepare precursor materials. The precursor material is then wrapped by using metal wires and polarized in a molten salt system to prepare the nanostructured carbon material. Metals or metal oxides scattered in the carbon phase act as catalysts for the generation of nanostructured carbon materials; this precursor material can be easily obtained from natural rocks or by artificially synthesizing. Nanostructured carbon materials are composed of carbon nanoparticles, carbon fiber and carbon nanotubes. The preparation process is simple and easy to implement, and the resulting nanostructured material has high conductivity and can be used as an active material or additive for use in energy storage devices.

A method of manufacturing a catalyst article, the method comprising: providing a complex of a polyphenol and a PGM, the PGM comprising rhodium and/or platinum, the polyphenol comprising an ester functional group; providing a support material; applying the complex to the support material to form a loaded support material; disposing the loaded support material on a substrate; and heating the loaded support material to form nanoparticles of the PGM on the support material.

Provided is a method of preparing an intermetallic catalyst which includes applying ultrasonic wave to a precursor mixture solution including a noble metal precursor, a transition metal precursor, and a carbon support having an average pore size of about 6 nm to about 15 nm and a specific surface area of about 200 m.sup.2/g to about 2000 m.sup.2/g to form alloy particles in pores of the carbon support, and annealing the alloy particles in the pores of the carbon support to form intermetallic alloy particles.

A multi-stage device for reducing the environmental contaminants in an ISO8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core desulfurizing process and an ionic liquid extraction desulfurizing process as either a pre-treating step or post-treating step to the core process. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil is compliant with ISO 8217 for residual marine fuel oils and has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05% wt. to 0.5% wt.

A multi-stage device for reducing the environmental contaminants in an ISO8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core desulfurizing process and an ionic liquid extraction desulfurizing process as either a pre-treating step or post-treating step to the core process. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil is compliant with ISO 8217 for residual marine fuel oils and has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05% wt. to 0.5% wt.

A multi-stage process for the production of an ISO 8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a Reaction System composed of one or more reactor vessels selected from a group reactor wherein said one or more reactor vessels contains one or more reaction sections configured to promote the transformation of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil to the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed that can utilize a modular reactor vessel contained within a frame work based on ISO 40 foot or ISO 20 foot container dimensions.

A multi-stage process for the production of an ISO 8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a Reaction System composed of one or more reactor vessels selected from a group reactor wherein said one or more reactor vessels contains one or more reaction sections configured to promote the transformation of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil to the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed that can utilize a modular reactor vessel contained within a frame work based on ISO 40 foot or ISO 20 foot container dimensions.

The present disclosure provides a method for operating a three-way catalyst system at high temperatures. The method includes passing a high-temperature exhaust stream exiting an engine over a thermally stable three-way catalyst system including a metal oxide support; two or more catalytically active metals disposed on the support; and a porous metal oxide coating disposed on one or more exposed surfaces of the support. At least one of the catalytically active metals may be platinum (Pt). The method further includes reducing an amount of the nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x), carbon monoxide (CO), and non-methane hydrocarbons (HCs) in an effluent stream exiting the thermally stable three-way catalyst system so that the effluent stream has a combined amount of nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) and non-methane hydrocarbons (HCs) of less than or equal to about 30 mg/mile and less than or equal to about 0.5 g/mile of carbon monoxide (CO).

The present disclosure provides a method for operating a three-way catalyst system at high temperatures. The method includes passing a high-temperature exhaust stream exiting an engine over a thermally stable three-way catalyst system including a metal oxide support; two or more catalytically active metals disposed on the support; and a porous metal oxide coating disposed on one or more exposed surfaces of the support. At least one of the catalytically active metals may be platinum (Pt). The method further includes reducing an amount of the nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x), carbon monoxide (CO), and non-methane hydrocarbons (HCs) in an effluent stream exiting the thermally stable three-way catalyst system so that the effluent stream has a combined amount of nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) and non-methane hydrocarbons (HCs) of less than or equal to about 30 mg/mile and less than or equal to about 0.5 g/mile of carbon monoxide (CO).