This disclosure relates to methods of converting an HF alkylation unit which utilizes HF as a reaction catalyst to a sulfuric acid alkylation unit which utilizes sulfuric acid as a reaction catalyst. This disclosure also relates to a segmented sulfuric acid settler for separating a sulfuric acid phase from a hydrocarbon phase. This disclosure also relates to methods of converting a vertical HF acid settler to a segmented sulfuric acid settler. This disclosure also relates to converted sulfuric acid alkylation units and alkylation processes performed in the converted sulfuric acid alkylation units.

A bisphenol composition including a specific amount of aromatic alcohol sulfonate, and a simple method of producing it are provided. Also provided is a method of producing a polycarbonate resin in which, by using the bisphenol composition including a specific amount of aromatic alcohol sulfonate, melt polymerization reaction can be efficiently allowed to proceed to produce a polycarbonate resin having an excellent color tone. A bisphenol composition including an aromatic alcohol sulfonate at not less than 0.1 ppb by mass with respect to a bisphenol. A method of producing a bisphenol composition, including reacting a ketone or an aldehyde with an aromatic alcohol in the presence of sulfuric acid to produce a bisphenol composition. A method of producing a polycarbonate resin, including producing a polycarbonate resin using the bisphenol composition. A polycarbonate resin including a specific amount of aromatic alcohol sulfonate.

A bisphenol composition including a specific amount of aromatic alcohol sulfonate, and a simple method of producing it are provided. Also provided is a method of producing a polycarbonate resin in which, by using the bisphenol composition including a specific amount of aromatic alcohol sulfonate, melt polymerization reaction can be efficiently allowed to proceed to produce a polycarbonate resin having an excellent color tone. A bisphenol composition including an aromatic alcohol sulfonate at not less than 0.1 ppb by mass with respect to a bisphenol. A method of producing a bisphenol composition, including reacting a ketone or an aldehyde with an aromatic alcohol in the presence of sulfuric acid to produce a bisphenol composition. A method of producing a polycarbonate resin, including producing a polycarbonate resin using the bisphenol composition. A polycarbonate resin including a specific amount of aromatic alcohol sulfonate.

Provided is a thermally stable bisphenol composition whose increase in the Hazen color number is suppressed even under higher temperature conditions. A bisphenol composition including an aryl alkyl sulfide or a dialkyl disulfide at 0.1 ppb by mass to 1% by mass with respect to a bisphenol. A bisphenol composition including an aryl alkyl sulfide or a dialkyl disulfide at a predetermined ratio is thermally stable in terms of the Hazen color number, and shows no coloring problem under high temperature conditions. By using such a bisphenol composition, a polycarbonate resin having an excellent color tone can be produced.

Silica-coated alumina activator-supports, and catalyst compositions containing these activator-supports, are disclosed. Methods also are provided for preparing silica-coated alumina activator-supports, for preparing catalyst compositions, and for using the catalyst compositions to polymerize olefins.

A composition includes an aqueous solution including at least one fluorinated organic compound; and a reaction product of a source of iron(II) and a source of sulfite in the presence of water and molecular hydrogen. A method of making a catalyst includes reacting a source of iron(II) and a source of sulfite in the presence of water and molecular hydrogen. The water may include less than or equal to 1 weight percent dissolved molecular oxygen. The catalyst may be used for degrading fluorinated organic chemicals in aqueous media.

An aqueous binder composition is provided for use in the formation of fiber insulation and non-woven mats that comprises a reaction product of one or more Liquid Polyol Monomers; itaconic acid, its salts or anhydride; and a C4 to C6 polyol selected from the group consisting of pentaerythritol, trimethylol propane, neopentyl glycol, and mixtures thereof. The molar ratio of the combined alcohols (Liquid Polyol Monomers and C4 to C6 polyols) to itaconic acid is at least 2:1, wherein the molar ratio of Liquid Polyol Monomers to C4 to C6 polyols is from about 1:1 to about 30:1.

A sorbent composition that is useful for injection into a flue gas stream of a coal burning furnace to efficiently remove mercury from the flue gas stream. The sorbent composition may include a sorbent with an associated ancillary catalyst component that is a catalytic metal, a precursor to a catalytic metal, a catalytic metal compound or a precursor to a catalytic metal compound. Alternatively, a catalytic metal or metal compound, or their precursors, may be admixed with the coal feedstock prior to or during combustion in the furnace, or may be independently injected into a flue gas stream. A catalytic promoter may also be used to enhance the performance of the catalytic metal or metal compound.

An exhaust gas purification catalyst having a substrate having a wall flow structure, and a catalyst layer. The catalyst layer has: an A section provided in the interior of the partition wall, along an extension direction X of the partition wall, from an exhaust gas inflow end section; a C section provided in the interior of the partition wall, along the extension direction X of the partition wall, from an exhaust gas outflow end section; and a B section disposed between the A section and the C section in the extension direction X of the partition wall, and provided over the surface of the partition wall on the side in contact with the inlet cell, the interior of the partition wall, and the surface of the partition wall on the side in contact with the outlet cell.

A sorbent composition that is useful for injection into a flue gas stream of a coal burning furnace to efficiently remove mercury from the flue gas stream. The sorbent composition may include a sorbent with an associated ancillary catalyst component that is a catalytic metal, a precursor to a catalytic metal, a catalytic metal compound or a precursor to a catalytic metal compound. Alternatively, a catalytic metal or metal compound, or their precursors, may be admixed with the coal feedstock prior to or during combustion in the furnace, or may be independently injected into a flue gas stream. A catalytic promoter may also be used to enhance the performance of the catalytic metal or metal compound.