The present invention relates to a catalyst system for preparing a carbonate derivative, comprising selenium (Se) and a pyridine amine compound represented by structural formula 1. The catalyst system for preparing a carbonate derivative, and a method for preparing a carbonate derivative by using same, of the present invention, allow an alcohol to undergo oxidative carbonylation by using a selenium-based catalyst system, and thus are more economical than a conventional carbonylation process and can obtain a dialkyl carbonate in feasible yields.

An object of the present invention is to provide a photocatalytic electrode for water splitting and a water splitting device excellent in the onset potential. The water splitting device of the present invention is a water splitting device which generates gases from a photocatalytic electrode for hydrogen generation and a photocatalytic electrode for oxygen generation by irradiating the photocatalytic electrode for hydrogen generation and the photocatalytic electrode for oxygen generation with light, and includes a bath to be filled with an electrolytic aqueous solution and the photocatalytic electrode for hydrogen generation and the photocatalytic electrode for oxygen generation each disposed in the bath. The photocatalytic electrode for hydrogen generation has a p-type semiconductor layer, an n-type semiconductor layer provided on the p-type semiconductor layer, and a co-catalyst provided on the n-type semiconductor layer. The p-type semiconductor layer is a semiconductor layer containing a CIGS compound semiconductor containing Cu, In, Ga, and Se, and a molar ratio of Ga to a total molar amount of Ga and In in the CIGS compound semiconductor is 0.4 to 0.8.

Provided is a facilitated CO.sub.2 transport membrane having an improved CO.sub.2 permeance and an improved CO.sub.2/H.sub.2 selectivity. The facilitated CO.sub.2 transport membrane includes a separation-functional membrane that includes a hydrophilic polymer gel membrane containing a CO.sub.2 carrier and a CO.sub.2 hydration catalyst. Further preferably, the CO.sub.2 hydration catalyst at least has catalytic activity at a temperature of 100 C. or higher, has a melting point of 200 C. or higher, or is soluble in water.

Processes and associated reaction systems for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane are provided. In particular, a process is provided that comprises supplying a feed gas comprising ethane and oxygen to a multitubular fixed-bed reactor and allowing the ethane and oxygen to react in the presence of an oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst to yield a reactor effluent comprising ethylene; and supplying a coolant to an interior shell space of the multitubular fixed-bed reactor in a flow pattern that is co-current with the flow of the feed gas through reactor.

The invention relates to a process for conversion of a stream comprising methane and ethane, comprising converting ethane from a stream comprising methane and ethane, in which stream the volume ratio of methane to ethane is of from 0.005:1 to 100:1, to a product having a vapor pressure at 0 C. lower than 1 atmosphere, resulting in a stream comprising methane and the product having a vapor pressure at 0 C. lower than 1 atmosphere; separating the product having a vapor pressure at 0 C. lower than 1 atmosphere from the stream comprising methane and the product having a vapor pressure at 0 C. lower than 1 atmosphere, resulting in a stream comprising methane; and chemically converting methane from the stream comprising methane, or feeding methane from the stream comprising methane to a network that provides methane as energy source, or liquefying methane from the stream comprising methane.

The present invention provides a method for producing a catalyst to be used for a gas-phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction of propane, the method comprising a preparation step of dissolving or dispersing a raw material to thereby obtain a prepared raw material liquid, a first drying step of drying the prepared raw material liquid to thereby obtain a dried material, a calcination step of calcining the dried material to thereby obtain a composite oxide having a predetermined composition, an impregnation step of impregnating the composite oxide with a solution containing at least one specific element selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, tellurium, niobium, vanadium, boron, bismuth, manganese, iron, antimony, phosphorus and rare earth elements to thereby obtain an impregnated composite oxide, and a second drying step of drying the impregnated composite oxide, wherein at least one of the impregnation step o and the second drying step is a step of impregnating the composite oxide or drying the impregnated composite oxide while stirring by a specific stirring power.

The present invention provides a method for producing a catalyst to be used for a gas-phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction of propane, the method comprising a preparation step of dissolving or dispersing a raw material to thereby obtain a prepared raw material liquid, a first drying step of drying the prepared raw material liquid to thereby obtain a dried material, a calcination step of calcining the dried material to thereby obtain a composite oxide having a predetermined composition, an impregnation step of impregnating the composite oxide with a solution containing at least one specific element selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, tellurium, niobium, vanadium, boron, bismuth, manganese, iron, antimony, phosphorus and rare earth elements to thereby obtain an impregnated composite oxide, and a second drying step of drying the impregnated composite oxide, wherein at least one of the impregnation step o and the second drying step is a step of impregnating the composite oxide or drying the impregnated composite oxide while stirring by a specific stirring power.

A novel catalyst and process for producing a mixed oxide material containing molybdenum, vanadium, tellurium and niobium is disclosed. The material can be used as a catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethene or the oxidation of propane to acrylic acid.

Oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts comprising MoVNbTeO having improved consistency of composition and a 25% conversion of ethylene at less than 420 C. and a selectivity to ethylene above 95% are prepared by treating the catalyst precursor with H.sub.2O.sub.2 in an amount equivalent to 0.30-2.8 mL H.sub.2O.sub.2 of a 30% solution per gram of catalyst precursor prior to calcining.

Incorporating into a fixed bed reactor for an exothermal reaction having a catalyst supported on a support having a thermal conductivity typically less than 30 W/mk within the reaction temperature control limits heat dissipative particles having a thermal conductivity of at least 50 W/mk less than 30 W/mk within the reaction temperature control limits helps control the temperature of the reactor bed.