Object of the present invention is an efficient process for the preparation of the active pharmaceutical ingredient Sitagliptine and the 2,4,5-trifluorophenylacetic acid (TFAA) and salt thereof, which is a key intermediate for the synthesis of Sitagliptine. ##STR00001##

Object of the present invention is an efficient process for the preparation of the active pharmaceutical ingredient Sitagliptine and the 2,4,5-trifluorophenylacetic acid (TFAA) and salt thereof, which is a key intermediate for the synthesis of Sitagliptine. ##STR00001##

A method for producing methyldichlorophosphane, the method including: allowing methane and phosphorus trichloride to react in the presence of an additive using a metal compound, or a metal compound carried on a carrier, or both thereof.

A composite photocatalyst, a photocatalytic filter for air purification, and an air purification device that includes the photocatalytic filter. The composite photocatalyst includes: a first metal oxide particle; and second metal oxide particles arranged on a surface of the first metal oxide particle, wherein specific surface area of the second metal oxide particles is greater than specific surface area of the first metal oxide particle, and bandgap energy of the second metal oxide particles is greater than bandgap energy of the first metal oxide particle. The composite photocatalyst structure may degrade and remove gaseous pollutants under room temperature and atmospheric pressure conditions. The composite photocatalyst may be applied to various indoor and outdoor air purification systems in the form of a photocatalytic filter.

A composite photocatalyst, a photocatalytic filter for air purification, and an air purification device that includes the photocatalytic filter. The composite photocatalyst includes: a first metal oxide particle; and second metal oxide particles arranged on a surface of the first metal oxide particle, wherein specific surface area of the second metal oxide particles is greater than specific surface area of the first metal oxide particle, and bandgap energy of the second metal oxide particles is greater than bandgap energy of the first metal oxide particle. The composite photocatalyst structure may degrade and remove gaseous pollutants under room temperature and atmospheric pressure conditions. The composite photocatalyst may be applied to various indoor and outdoor air purification systems in the form of a photocatalytic filter.

Redox catalysts having surface medication, methods of making redox catalysts with surface modification, and uses of the surface modified redox catalysts are provided. In some aspects, the redox catalysts include a core oxygen carrier region such as CaMnO.sub.3, BaMnO.sub.3−δ, SrMnO.sub.3−δ, Mn.sub.2SiO.sub.4, Mn.sub.2MgO.sub.4−δ, La.sub.0.8Sr.sub.0.2O.sub.3−δ, La.sub.0.8Sr.sub.0.2FeO.sub.3−δ, Ca.sub.9Ti.sub.0.1Mn.sub.0.9O.sub.3−δ, Pr.sub.6O.sub.11−δ, manganese ore, or a combination thereof; and an outer shell having an average thickness of about 1-100 monolayers surrounding the outer surface of the core region. The outer shell can include, for example a salt selected such as Li.sub.2WO.sub.4, Na.sub.2WO.sub.4, K.sub.2WO.sub.4, SrWO.sub.4, Li.sub.2MoO.sub.4, Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4, K.sub.2MoO.sub.4, CsMoO.sub.4, Li.sub.2CO.sub.3, Na.sub.2CO.sub.3, K.sub.2CO.sub.3, or a combination thereof.

The reaction rate of hydrocarbon pyrolysis can be increased to produce solid carbon and hydrogen by the use of molten materials which have catalytic functionality to increase the rate of reaction and physical properties that facilitate the formation and contamination-free separation of the solid carbon. Processes, materials, reactor configurations, and conditions are disclosed whereby methane and other hydrocarbons can be decomposed at high reaction rates into hydrogen gas and carbon products without any carbon oxides in a single reaction step. The process also makes use of specific properties of selected materials with unique solubilities and/or wettability of products into (and/or by) the molten phase to facilitate generation of purified products and increased conversion in more general reactions.

The reaction rate of hydrocarbon pyrolysis can be increased to produce solid carbon and hydrogen by the use of molten materials which have catalytic functionality to increase the rate of reaction and physical properties that facilitate the formation and contamination-free separation of the solid carbon. Processes, materials, reactor configurations, and conditions are disclosed whereby methane and other hydrocarbons can be decomposed at high reaction rates into hydrogen gas and carbon products without any carbon oxides in a single reaction step. The process also makes use of specific properties of selected materials with unique solubilities and/or wettability of products into (and/or by) the molten phase to facilitate generation of purified products and increased conversion in more general reactions.

H2 production, sulfuric acid and SO2 production process refers to an innovative process VIA the phenomena of the Sulfur-Iodine (S-I) thermochemical cycle. The process consist of the acid gas burner to burn all the acid gases with air, enriched air or oxygen and without using any fuel gas to produce SO2. The acid gases are normally processed in the prior arts of the sulfur recovery units. Iodine is used to produce the hydrogen.

A portion or all of the acid gases are sent to the acid gas burner in accordance with the present invention.

The present innovation not only produces hydrogen but also reduces the SO2 and CO2 emissions.

The produced SO2 is sent to other units to produce other fertilizer products and the produced CO2 is sent to CO2 removal or CO2 Liquefaction process.

The hydrogen is produced is used to supply the needs within the facility like hydrotreaters to reduce external import and to reduce the operating costs.

H2 production, sulfuric acid and SO2 production process refers to an innovative process VIA the phenomena of the Sulfur-Iodine (S-I) thermochemical cycle. The process consist of the acid gas burner to burn all the acid gases with air, enriched air or oxygen and without using any fuel gas to produce SO2. The acid gases are normally processed in the prior arts of the sulfur recovery units. Iodine is used to produce the hydrogen.

A portion or all of the acid gases are sent to the acid gas burner in accordance with the present invention.

The present innovation not only produces hydrogen but also reduces the SO2 and CO2 emissions.

The produced SO2 is sent to other units to produce other fertilizer products and the produced CO2 is sent to CO2 removal or CO2 Liquefaction process.

The hydrogen is produced is used to supply the needs within the facility like hydrotreaters to reduce external import and to reduce the operating costs.