A method for synthesizing 5,8-diamino-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-naphthalenone (Compound I), which method comprises: subjecting 2,5-diprotected aminophenylbutyric acid to the Friedel-Crafts reaction for ring closure, and then removing a protecting group on the amino group to obtain Compound I.

A method for synthesizing 5,8-diamino-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-naphthalenone (Compound I), which method comprises: subjecting 2,5-diprotected aminophenylbutyric acid to the Friedel-Crafts reaction for ring closure, and then removing a protecting group on the amino group to obtain Compound I.

The present invention relates to a fluorination process, comprising: an activation stage comprising contacting a fluorination catalyst with an oxidizing agent-containing gas flow for at least one hour; and at least one reaction stage comprising reacting a chlorinated compound with hydrogen fluoride in gas phase in the presence of the fluorination catalyst, so as to produce a fluorinated compound.

The present invention relates to a fluorination process, comprising: an activation stage comprising contacting a fluorination catalyst with an oxidizing agent-containing gas flow for at least one hour; and at least one reaction stage comprising reacting a chlorinated compound with hydrogen fluoride in gas phase in the presence of the fluorination catalyst, so as to produce a fluorinated compound.

Catalysts for the dehydration of lactic acid, lactic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof to acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof in liquid phase comprising an ionic liquid (IL) and an acid are provided.

There is provided an industrially advantageous and efficient method of producing a Z-isomer of HCFO-1224yd or HCFO-1223xd by isomerizing an E-isomer thereof. The method produces HCFO (Z-isomer) by causing specific HCFO (E-isomer) contained in a raw material composition to undergo an isomerization reaction under a condition where the HCFO (E-isomer) is isomerized.

There is provided an industrially advantageous and efficient method of producing a Z-isomer of HCFO-1224yd or HCFO-1223xd by isomerizing an E-isomer thereof. The method produces HCFO (Z-isomer) by causing specific HCFO (E-isomer) contained in a raw material composition to undergo an isomerization reaction under a condition where the HCFO (E-isomer) is isomerized.

The invention relates to a fluorination process, alternately comprising reaction stages and regeneration stages, wherein the reaction stages comprise reacting a chlorinated compound with hydrogen fluoride in gas phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst to produce a fluorinated compound, and the regeneration stages comprise contacting the fluorination catalyst with an oxidizing agent-containing gas flow.

Disclosed herein are catalyst compositions containing a heteroatomic ligand transition metal compound complex, a chemically-treated solid oxide, and an organoaluminum compound. These catalyst compositions can be used in an ethylene oligomerization process to produce a liquid oligomer product containing hexene and octene, as well as a solid polymer product with a molecular weight sufficiently high to permit easy separation of the liquid oligomer product from the solid polymer product.

An alkylation process is described. The alkylation process includes contacting a feed comprising a paraffin or an aromatic with an olefin feed in the presence of a liquid Lewis acid catalyst in an alkylation reaction zone under alkylation conditions to form a reaction mixture comprising alkylation products and the liquid Lewis acid catalyst. The liquid Lewis acid catalyst is the liquid reaction product of a donor molecule and a metal halide. The alkylation products are separated from the liquid Lewis acid catalyst and recovered.