The present application relates to a hydrogenation catalyst, a process for producing the same and application thereof in the hydrotreatment of feedstock oil. The process comprises at least the following steps: (1) contacting a first active metal component and a first organic complexing agent with a carrier to obtain a composite carrier; (2) calcining the composite carrier to obtain a calcined composite carrier having a total carbon content of 1% by weight or less; and (3) contacting a second organic complexing agent with the calcined composite carrier to obtain the hydrogenation catalyst. The hydrogenation catalyst has both excellent hydrodesulfurization activity and hydrodenitrogenation activity, and exhibits a significantly prolonged service life.

The present application relates to a hydrogenation catalyst, a process for producing the same and application thereof in the hydrotreatment of feedstock oil. The process comprises at least the following steps: (1) contacting a first active metal component and a first organic complexing agent with a carrier to obtain a composite carrier; (2) calcining the composite carrier to obtain a calcined composite carrier having a total carbon content of 1% by weight or less; and (3) contacting a second organic complexing agent with the calcined composite carrier to obtain the hydrogenation catalyst. The hydrogenation catalyst has both excellent hydrodesulfurization activity and hydrodenitrogenation activity, and exhibits a significantly prolonged service life.

A catalyst comprising chromia and at least one additional metal or compound thereof and wherein the catalyst has a total pore volume of greater than 0.3 cm.sup.3/g and the mean pore diameter is greater than or equal to 90 ?, wherein the total pore volume is measured by N2 adsorption porosimetry and the mean pore diameter is measured by N.sub.2 BET adsorption porosimetry, and wherein the at least one additional metal is selected from Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cs, Sc, Al, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, In, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, La, Ce and mixtures thereof.

A catalyst comprising chromia and at least one additional metal or compound thereof and wherein the catalyst has a total pore volume of greater than 0.3 cm.sup.3/g and the mean pore diameter is greater than or equal to 90 ?, wherein the total pore volume is measured by N2 adsorption porosimetry and the mean pore diameter is measured by N.sub.2 BET adsorption porosimetry, and wherein the at least one additional metal is selected from Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cs, Sc, Al, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, In, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, La, Ce and mixtures thereof.

The present invention provides a process for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene from 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane and/or 1,1,2,2,3-pentachloropropane, comprising the following steps: (a) catalytic reaction of 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane and/or 1,1,2,2,3-pentachloropropane with HF into a reaction mixture comprising HCl, 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, unreacted HF, and optionally 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane; (b) separating the reaction mixture into a first stream comprising HCl and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and a second stream comprising HF, 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and optionally 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane; (c) catalytic reaction of the second stream into a reaction mixture comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, HCl, unreacted 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, unreacted HF and optionally 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane and (d) feeding the reaction mixture of step (c) directly without separation to step (a).

The present invention provides a process for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene from 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane and/or 1,1,2,2,3-pentachloropropane, comprising the following steps: (a) catalytic reaction of 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane and/or 1,1,2,2,3-pentachloropropane with HF into a reaction mixture comprising HCl, 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, unreacted HF, and optionally 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane; (b) separating the reaction mixture into a first stream comprising HCl and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and a second stream comprising HF, 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and optionally 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane; (c) catalytic reaction of the second stream into a reaction mixture comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, HCl, unreacted 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, unreacted HF and optionally 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane and (d) feeding the reaction mixture of step (c) directly without separation to step (a).

A method of selectively reacting lignin or a lignin-derived reactant to yield an aromatic product. The method includes the step of reacting lignin or a lignin-derived reactant with a molybdenum-containing catalyst, in a solvent, and optionally in the presence of an oxidant, for a time and a temperature wherein at least a portion of the lignin or lignin-derived reactant is selectively converted into an aromatic product, preferably coniferaldehyde and/or sinapaldehyde.

A method of selectively reacting lignin or a lignin-derived reactant to yield an aromatic product. The method includes the step of reacting lignin or a lignin-derived reactant with a molybdenum-containing catalyst, in a solvent, and optionally in the presence of an oxidant, for a time and a temperature wherein at least a portion of the lignin or lignin-derived reactant is selectively converted into an aromatic product, preferably coniferaldehyde and/or sinapaldehyde.

The present invention relates to a process for modifying the fluorine distribution in a hydrocarbon compound in the presence of a catalyst, characterized by the use, as catalyst, of a solid composition comprising at least one component containing chromium oxyfluoride or fluoride of empirical formula Cr.sub.xM.sub.(1-x)O.sub.rF.sub.s, where 2r+s is greater than or equal to 2.9 and less than 6, M is a metal chosen from columns 2 to 12 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, x has a value from 0.9 to 1, s is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 6 and r is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 3, the said solid composition having a crystallinity of less than 20% by weight. The present invention also relates to the solid composition per se.

The present invention relates to a process for modifying the fluorine distribution in a hydrocarbon compound in the presence of a catalyst, characterized by the use, as catalyst, of a solid composition comprising at least one component containing chromium oxyfluoride or fluoride of empirical formula Cr.sub.xM.sub.(1-x)O.sub.rF.sub.s, where 2r+s is greater than or equal to 2.9 and less than 6, M is a metal chosen from columns 2 to 12 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, x has a value from 0.9 to 1, s is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 6 and r is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 3, the said solid composition having a crystallinity of less than 20% by weight. The present invention also relates to the solid composition per se.