Disclosed herein are methods for synthesizing low valence, titanium-aluminum complexes from half-metallocene titanium compounds and alkylaluminum compounds. The titanium-aluminum complexes can be used as components in catalyst systems for the polymerization of olefins.

Disclosed herein are methods for synthesizing low valence, titanium-aluminum complexes from half-metallocene titanium compounds and alkylaluminum compounds. The titanium-aluminum complexes can be used as components in catalyst systems for the polymerization of olefins.

The invention provides noble metal-free electro-catalyst compositions for use in acidic media, e.g., acidic electrolyte. The noble metal-free electro-catalyst compositions include non-noble metal absent of noble metal. The non-noble metal is non-noble metal oxide, and typically in the form of any configuration of a solid or hollow nano-material, e.g., nano-particles, a nanocrystalline thin film, nanorods, nanoshells, nanoflakes, nanotubes, nanoplates, nanospheres and nanowhiskers or combinations of myriad nanoscale architecture embodiments. Optionally, the noble metal-free electro-catalyst compositions include dopant, such as, but not limited to halogen. Acidic media includes oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, and direct methanol fuel cells and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in PEM-based water electrolysis and metal air batteries, and hydrogen generation from solar energy and electricity-driven water splitting.

A method for isomerizing a hydrohalofluoroolefin isomer to produce a corresponding hydrohalofluoroolefin isomer includes a step contacting a composition that contains at least a hydrohalofluoroolefin isomer and that has been adjusted to 100 ppm or lower in moisture concentration, with a catalyst in a gas phase, thereby obtaining a product. This method makes it possible to suppress the catalyst performance lowering.

A method for isomerizing a hydrohalofluoroolefin isomer to produce a corresponding hydrohalofluoroolefin isomer includes a step contacting a composition that contains at least a hydrohalofluoroolefin isomer and that has been adjusted to 100 ppm or lower in moisture concentration, with a catalyst in a gas phase, thereby obtaining a product. This method makes it possible to suppress the catalyst performance lowering.

The invention concerns a process for preparing a chlorine comprising catalyst using one or more metal salts of chloride, hydrochloric acid (HCl), one or more organic chloride compounds, or a combination thereof. The prepared catalyst preferably comprises 0.13-3 weight percent of the element chlorine. The invention further relates to the prepared catalyst and its use.

The invention concerns a process for preparing a chlorine comprising catalyst using one or more metal salts of chloride, hydrochloric acid (HCl), one or more organic chloride compounds, or a combination thereof. The prepared catalyst preferably comprises 0.13-3 weight percent of the element chlorine. The invention further relates to the prepared catalyst and its use.

Systems and methods for simultaneous control of carbon dioxide and nitric oxide and generation of nitrous oxide are provided. In particular, the present invention provides systems and methods utilizing a titania-based photocatalyst to simultaneously control carbon dioxide and nitric oxide levels generated by combustion systems. Additionally, photoreduction of nitric oxide provided by the photocatalyst is used to generate nitrous oxide.

Systems and methods for simultaneous control of carbon dioxide and nitric oxide and generation of nitrous oxide are provided. In particular, the present invention provides systems and methods utilizing a titania-based photocatalyst to simultaneously control carbon dioxide and nitric oxide levels generated by combustion systems. Additionally, photoreduction of nitric oxide provided by the photocatalyst is used to generate nitrous oxide.

Provided are compounds of the formula M.sup.A.sub.1-xM.sup.B.sub.xX.sup.A.sub.1-yX.sup.B.sub.yQ.sup.A.sub.1-zQ.sup.B.sub.z, wherein M.sup.A and M.sup.B are selected from Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb, X.sup.A and X.sup.B are selected from F, Cl, Br and I, Q.sup.A and Q.sup.B are selected from P, As, Sb and Bi, and x, y and z are 0 to 0.5, as well as doped variants thereof, useful as semiconducting materials. Due a double helix structure formed by the constituting atoms, the compounds are particularly suitable to provide nano-materials, in particular nanowires, for diverse applications.