Provided are compounds of the formula M.sup.A.sub.1-xM.sup.B.sub.xX.sup.A.sub.1-yX.sup.B.sub.yQ.sup.A.sub.1-zQ.sup.B.sub.z, wherein M.sup.A and M.sup.B are selected from Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb, X.sup.A and X.sup.B are selected from F, Cl, Br and I, Q.sup.A and Q.sup.B are selected from P, As, Sb and Bi, and x, y and z are 0 to 0.5, as well as doped variants thereof, useful as semiconducting materials. Due a double helix structure formed by the constituting atoms, the compounds are particularly suitable to provide nano-materials, in particular nanowires, for diverse applications.

The present invention concerns spheroidal alumina particles characterized by a BET specific surface area in the range 150 to 300 m.sup.2/g, a mean particle diameter in the range 1.2 to 3 mm and a particle diameter dispersion, expressed as the standard deviation, not exceeding 0.1, a total pore volume, measured by mercury porosimetry, in the range 0.50 to 0.85 mL/g, a degree of macroporosity within a particle of less than 30%, and in which the dispersion of the diameters of the macropores, expressed as the ratio D90/D50, does not exceed 8. The invention also concerns processes for the preparation of said particles as well as catalysts comprising said particles as a support, and their use in catalytic hydrocarbon treatment processes, in particular in a catalytic reforming process.

Provided are an exhaust gas purifying catalyst having high catalytic activity enabling combustion of PM at low temperatures and free from any risk of dispersal of metal elements arousing concern about environmental load, an exhaust gas purification device and filter having a high combustion efficiency of PM, and a method for producing the catalyst. An exhaust gas purifying catalyst contains: an oxide containing at least one element (A) selected from alkali metals and alkaline earth metals and at least one element (B) selected from Zr, Si, Al, and Ti; and a cesium salt.

The invention concerns a process for preparing a chlorine comprising catalyst by (a) providing a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst comprising titania and at least 5 weight percent cobalt; (b) impregnating the catalyst with a solution comprising chloride ions; and (c) heating the impregnated catalyst at a temperature in the range of between 100 and 500? C. for at least 5 minutes up to 2 days. The prepared catalyst preferably comprises 0.13-3 weight percent of the element chlorine. The invention further relates to the prepared catalyst and its use.

The invention concerns a process for preparing a chlorine comprising catalyst by (a) providing a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst comprising titania and at least 5 weight percent cobalt; (b) impregnating the catalyst with a solution comprising chloride ions; and (c) heating the impregnated catalyst at a temperature in the range of between 100 and 500? C. for at least 5 minutes up to 2 days. The prepared catalyst preferably comprises 0.13-3 weight percent of the element chlorine. The invention further relates to the prepared catalyst and its use.

The present invention relates to the process for the scalable production of Fe.sub.3O.sub.4/Fe, Sn & Zn doped graphene nanosheets from a naturally abundant seaweed resources such as Sargassum tenerrimum, Sargassum wighti, Ulva faciata, Ulva lactuca and Kappaphycus alvarezii. The granules remained after the recovery of liquid juice from the fresh seaweeds were utilized as a raw material and a deep eutectic solvents (DESs) generated by the complexation of choline chloride and FeCl.sub.3, ZnCl.sub.2 and SnCl.sub.2 were employed as template as well as catalyst for the production graphene nanosheets functionalized with metals. Pyrolysis of the mixture of seaweed granules and DES at 700-900 C. under 95% N.sub.2 and 5% H.sub.2 atmosphere resulted formation of metal doped graphene sheets with high surface area (120-225 m.sup.2.Math.g.sup.1) and high electrical conductivity 2384 mS.Math.m.sup.1 to 2400 mS.Math.m.sup.1. The nanosheets thus obtained could remove substantial amount of fluoride from fluoride contaminated drinking water (95-98%).

The present invention relates to the process for the scalable production of Fe.sub.3O.sub.4/Fe, Sn & Zn doped graphene nanosheets from a naturally abundant seaweed resources such as Sargassum tenerrimum, Sargassum wighti, Ulva faciata, Ulva lactuca and Kappaphycus alvarezii. The granules remained after the recovery of liquid juice from the fresh seaweeds were utilized as a raw material and a deep eutectic solvents (DESs) generated by the complexation of choline chloride and FeCl.sub.3, ZnCl.sub.2 and SnCl.sub.2 were employed as template as well as catalyst for the production graphene nanosheets functionalized with metals. Pyrolysis of the mixture of seaweed granules and DES at 700-900 C. under 95% N.sub.2 and 5% H.sub.2 atmosphere resulted formation of metal doped graphene sheets with high surface area (120-225 m.sup.2.Math.g.sup.1) and high electrical conductivity 2384 mS.Math.m.sup.1 to 2400 mS.Math.m.sup.1. The nanosheets thus obtained could remove substantial amount of fluoride from fluoride contaminated drinking water (95-98%).

A method for producing a halogenated isoolefin-based polymer includes irradiating an isoolefin-based polymer including alkylstyrene with light in presence of a halogen molecule. The isoolefin-based polymer has been polymerized by a living cationic polymerization using titanium chloride as a Lewis acid catalyst.

A method for producing a halogenated isoolefin-based polymer includes irradiating an isoolefin-based polymer including alkylstyrene with light in presence of a halogen molecule. The isoolefin-based polymer has been polymerized by a living cationic polymerization using titanium chloride as a Lewis acid catalyst.

Disclosed are a grain boundary and surface-doped rare earth manganese-zirconium composite compound as well as a preparation method and use thereof. A rare earth manganese oxide with a special structure is formed at grain boundary and surface of a rare earth zirconium-based oxide by a grain boundary doping method so as to increase oxygen defects at the grain boundary and the surface, thereby increasing the amount of active oxygen, improving the catalytic activity of the rare earth manganese-zirconium composite compound, inhibiting high-temperature sintering of the rare earth manganese-zirconium composite compound, and improving the NO catalytic oxidation capability. When the rare earth manganese-zirconium composite compound is applied to a catalyst, the consumption of noble metal can be greatly reduced.