A new BiVO.sub.4-laminate manufacturing method and BiVO.sub.4 laminate are provided. A bismuth-vanadate laminate is manufactured as follows: a substrate that can be heated by microwaves is disposed inside a precursor solution containing a vanadium salt and a bismuth salt, microwave-activated chemical bath deposition (MW-CBD) is used to form a bismuth-vanadate layer on the substrate, and a firing process is performed as necessary. A bismuth-vanadate laminate manufactured in this way is suitable for use as a photocatalyst or photoelectrode.

Disclosed in the present disclosure is a method for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. The method includes a two-step method for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, a method for co-producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and a method for co-producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene. The two-step method for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene includes: A1, a telomerization step: subjecting chlorofluoromethane and trifluoroethylene to a pressure telomerization reaction under the action of a telomerization catalyst to prepare 3-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane, wherein the telomerization catalyst is a Lewis acid catalyst or a mixed catalyst of a Lewis acid catalyst and dichloromethane; and A2, a dehydrochlorination step: subjecting the 3-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane to dehydrochlorination under the catalytic action of activated carbon to obtain 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. The method for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene has the advantages of a simple process, high product selectivity, mild reaction conditions and the like.

Disclosed in the present disclosure is a method for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. The method includes a two-step method for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, a method for co-producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and a method for co-producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene. The two-step method for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene includes: A1, a telomerization step: subjecting chlorofluoromethane and trifluoroethylene to a pressure telomerization reaction under the action of a telomerization catalyst to prepare 3-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane, wherein the telomerization catalyst is a Lewis acid catalyst or a mixed catalyst of a Lewis acid catalyst and dichloromethane; and A2, a dehydrochlorination step: subjecting the 3-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane to dehydrochlorination under the catalytic action of activated carbon to obtain 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. The method for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene has the advantages of a simple process, high product selectivity, mild reaction conditions and the like.

An object is to provide a method for producing a compound which is useful as a synthetic intermediate for an active pharmaceutical ingredient of an antidiabetic drug or the like in an industrially inexpensive and efficient manner, and the present invention can achieve the object by reducing a compound (2) represented by the following formula (2): ##STR00001## wherein R.sub.1, Ar, n and X are as mentioned herein in the presence of a titanium compound by using a reducing agent to produce a compound (1) represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00002## wherein R.sub.1, Ar and n are the same as defined above.

An object is to provide a method for producing a compound which is useful as a synthetic intermediate for an active pharmaceutical ingredient of an antidiabetic drug or the like in an industrially inexpensive and efficient manner, and the present invention can achieve the object by reducing a compound (2) represented by the following formula (2): ##STR00001## wherein R.sub.1, Ar, n and X are as mentioned herein in the presence of a titanium compound by using a reducing agent to produce a compound (1) represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00002## wherein R.sub.1, Ar and n are the same as defined above.

A self-cleaning film system includes a substrate and an anti-reflection film disposed on the substrate. The anti-reflection film includes a first sheet formed from titanium dioxide, a second sheet formed from silicon dioxide and disposed on the first sheet, and a third sheet formed from titanium dioxide and disposed on the second sheet. The system includes a self-cleaning film disposed on the anti-reflection film and including a monolayer disposed on the third sheet and formed from a fluorinated material selected from the group consisting of fluorinated organic compounds, fluorinated inorganic compounds, and combinations thereof. The self-cleaning film includes a plurality of regions disposed within the monolayer such that each of the plurality of regions abuts and is surrounded by the fluorinated material and includes a photocatalytic material. The system includes an adhesive layer adhered to the substrate and a release liner affixed to and removable from the adhesive layer.

Catalyst systems and methods for making and using the same. A method for making a catalyst support includes forming a mixture of a support material and a fluoride donor. The mixture is added to a fluidized bed reactor. The mixture is fluidized to form a fluidized bed while maintaining a flow rate of a fluidizing gas of about 0.1 ft./sec at less than about 370 C. and greater than about 0.35 ft./sec at temperatures greater than about 370 C. The mixture is calcined to decompose the fluoride donor, forming a fluorinated support.

Catalyst systems and methods for making and using the same. A method for making a catalyst support includes forming a mixture of a support material and a fluoride donor. The mixture is added to a fluidized bed reactor. The mixture is fluidized to form a fluidized bed while maintaining a flow rate of a fluidizing gas of about 0.1 ft./sec at less than about 370 C. and greater than about 0.35 ft./sec at temperatures greater than about 370 C. The mixture is calcined to decompose the fluoride donor, forming a fluorinated support.

A process for the preparation of an alumina in the form of beads with a sulphur content in the range 0.001% to 1% by weight and a sodium content in the range 0.001% to 1% by weight with respect to the total mass of said beads is described, said beads being prepared by shaping an alumina gel having a high dispersibility by drop coagulation. The alumina gel is itself prepared using a specific precipitation preparation process in order to obtain at least 40% by weight of alumina with respect to the total quantity of alumina formed at the end of the gel preparation process right from the first precipitation step, the quantity of alumina formed at the end of the first precipitation step possibly even reaching 100%. The invention also concerns the use of alumina beads as a catalyst support in a catalytic reforming process.

A process for the preparation of an alumina in the form of beads with a sulphur content in the range 0.001% to 1% by weight and a sodium content in the range 0.001% to 1% by weight with respect to the total mass of said beads is described, said beads being prepared by shaping an alumina gel having a high dispersibility by drop coagulation. The alumina gel is itself prepared using a specific precipitation preparation process in order to obtain at least 40% by weight of alumina with respect to the total quantity of alumina formed at the end of the gel preparation process right from the first precipitation step, the quantity of alumina formed at the end of the first precipitation step possibly even reaching 100%. The invention also concerns the use of alumina beads as a catalyst support in a catalytic reforming process.