A preparation method for methylphenol and homologue. Under the conditions of reaction temperature of 150-350 C. and reaction pressure of 1-50 atm, a mixed material of methanol, ethanol and acetone is fed into a reactor containing a catalyst by a carrier gas to produce methylphenol through coupling-aromatization reaction. The method provides a reaction path for directly producing methylphenol and homologue from low carbon micromolecular alcohol and ketone through coupling-aromatization reaction, the maximum selectivity of total cresol is 34.0%, and the selectivity of 2,3,6-trimethylphenol is up to 7.1%. The by-product hydrogen of the reaction path can be used as a chemical material. Other by-products such as high carbon alcohol and ketone whose melting and boiling points are quite different from those of methylphenol and which are easy to be separated by rectification can be used as fuel additives to partially replace petroleum-based products.

Systems for upgrading pyrolysis oil include a first fixed-bed reactor having a first catalyst bed and a second catalyst bed. The first catalyst bed includes: a first treating catalyst containing alumina, binder, Mo, Ni, and P; a second treating catalyst made of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, NiO, and WO.sub.3; or both. The second catalyst bed includes mixed metal oxide catalyst. The first fixed-bed reactor contacts the pyrolysis oil with hydrogen in the presence of the treating catalyst and the mixed metal oxide catalyst to produce an intermediate stream comprising light aromatic compounds. The system includes a second fixed-bed reactor downstream that includes a mesoporous supported metal catalyst having nickel and tungsten on a mesoporous support. The second fixed-bed reactor contacts the intermediate stream with hydrogen in the presence of the mesoporous supported metal catalyst to produce a second reactor effluent comprising aromatic compounds having six to eight carbon atoms.

A catalyst used for dehydrogenation of an organic hydrogen-storage material to generate hydrogen, a support for the catalyst, and a preparation process thereof are presented. A hydrogen-storage alloy and a preparation process thereof are provided. A process for providing high-purity hydrogen, a high-efficiently distributed process for producing high-purity and high-pressure hydrogen, a system for providing high-purity and high-pressure hydrogen, a mobile hydrogen supply system, and a distributed hydrogen supply apparatus are also described.

Provided is a water electrolysis catalyst with a core-shell structure, which has a vanadium-doped cobalt nitride (VCo.sub.4N) core; and a cobalt-nickel phosphate (CoNiPO.sub.x, x is a natural number) shell.

Synthesis of metallic glass nanoparticles and compositions thereof, including, particularly, the kinetically controlled synthesis of glass nanoparticles by flash carbothermic reactions and compositions thereof.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for selectively producing a hydroxycarboxylic acid ester, the method including reducing a dicarboxylic acid monoester by means of a heterogeneous reaction. According to a method for producing a hydroxycarboxylic acid ester in an embodiment of the present invention, a hydroxycarboxylic acid ester represented by Formula (2) is produced by reducing a substrate dicarboxylic acid monoester represented by Formula (1) in the presence of a catalyst.

The catalyst comprises: metal species including M.sub.1 and M.sub.2; and a support supporting the metal species, and wherein M.sub.1 is rhodium, platinum, ruthenium, iridium or palladium; M.sub.2 is tin, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten or rhenium; and the support is hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite, or hydrotalcite.

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A method of acrylate salt production includes reacting ethylene gas in the presence of a metal precursor solution including a base, an additive, a metal precursor, a solvent and a ligand, in an autoclave, to form a metal complex intermediate solution. Further, CO.sub.2 reacts with the metal complex intermediate solution to form an ester intermediate solution, which is reacted to form an acrylate salt product mixture. The acrylate salt is extracted thereafter. The CO.sub.2 is reacted at a temperature in a range from 100 C. to 200 C., where the metal precursor is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) and the concentration of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) in the metal precursor solution is in a range from 0.0005M to 0.003M. The additive is sodium formate and the solvent is selected from the group consisting of N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran, and combinations thereof. The turnover number is greater than or equal to 100.

A method of acrylate salt production includes reacting ethylene gas in the presence of a metal precursor solution including a base, an additive, a metal precursor, a solvent and a ligand, in an autoclave, to form a metal complex intermediate solution. Further, CO.sub.2 reacts with the metal complex intermediate solution to form an ester intermediate solution, which is reacted to form an acrylate salt product mixture. The acrylate salt is extracted thereafter. The CO.sub.2 is reacted at a temperature in a range from 100 C. to 200 C., where the metal precursor is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) and the concentration of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) in the metal precursor solution is in a range from 0.0005M to 0.003M. The additive is sodium formate and the solvent is selected from the group consisting of N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran, and combinations thereof. The turnover number is greater than or equal to 100.

There is provided a method of preparing a photoelectrochemical and electrochemical electrode catalyst, the method including preparing a metal oxide-based electrode, introducing a phosphate layer on a surface of the metal oxide-based electrode; and converting the phosphate layer into an oxyhydroxide layer by performing electrochemical activation on the phosphate layer. The efficiency of selective oxidation reaction of ammonia in wastewater may be improved.

The present disclosure provides a catalyst, its preparation and uses thereof, the catalyst comprising a conductive substrate coated by at least two layers including a proximal layer and a distal layer wherein said proximal layer comprises a proximal metal composition and said distal layer comprise a distal metal composition, the proximal metal composition being different from the distal metal composition; wherein said proximal metal composition comprises a metallic M and said distal metal composition comprise a combination of two or more different metal complexes, each having a formula M.sub.xL.sub.y, wherein M, which may be the same or different in said two or more metal complexes, represents a metal atom; L, which may be the same or different in said two or more metal complexes, represents a moiety comprising at least one atom selected from the group consisting of oxygen (O), phosphorous (P), boron (B) and nitrogen (N); x represents any value between (1) and (6); and y represents any value between (1) and (6); and wherein said metal atom of metallic M and said metal atom in M.sub.xL.sub.y may be the same or different metal atom.