The present invention discloses a process for the hydrogenation of imines of Formula I by palladium-based catalyst to provide product of Formula II with more than 95% conversion of substrate and more than 95% of desired hydrogenated product.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to the technical field of new catalytic materials, and specifically relates to a phosphorus-doped nickel-aluminum oxide, its preparation method and the application thereof. Said preparation method comprises: the nickel-aluminum-based layered double hydroxide is subjected to high-temperature aerobic calcination to obtain nickel-aluminum oxide, the nickel-aluminum oxide obtained thereby is mixed with a phosphorus source and heated in an inert gas atmosphere or in vacuum conditions to dope phosphorus into the nickel-aluminum oxide, whereby the final phosphorus-doped nickel-aluminum oxide is obtained. In the present invention the NiAl interactions are constructed by subjecting the nickel-aluminum based layered double hydroxides to aerobic calcination at high temperature. The NiP interactions are constructed by doping P into nickel-aluminum oxides. Thus, the synergistic interactions of NiAl and NiP achieve regulating the electron density around the P-active metals, wherein the active metal is in an intermediate phase between metal and metal phosphide, which suppresses the factors leading to deactivation of the catalyst, such as metal agglomeration, carbon deposition, and phase transformation, demonstrating excellent catalytic activity, selectivity and stability.

Catalysts for dehydrating hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof to acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof with high yield and selectivity, short residence time, and without significant conversion to undesired side products, such as, for example, acetaldehyde, propionic acid, and acetic acid, are provided. The catalysts are mixed protonated monophosphates. Methods of preparing the catalysts are also provided.

The invention relates to compounds of formula (I) ##STR00001## where R.sup.1 is selected from (C.sub.1-C.sub.12)-alkyl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.12)-cycloalkyl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.12)-heterocycloalkyl; R.sup.2 is selected from (C.sub.3-C.sub.12)-heterocycloalkyl, (C.sub.6-C.sub.20)-aryl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.20)-heteroaryl; R.sup.3 is (C.sub.3-C.sub.20)-heteroaryl; and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may each independently be substituted by one or more substituents selected from (C.sub.1-C.sub.12)-alkyl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.12)-cycloalkyl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.12)-heterocycloalkyl, O(C.sub.1-C.sub.12)-alkyl, O(C.sub.1-C.sub.12)-alkyl-(C.sub.6-C.sub.20)-aryl, O(C.sub.3-C.sub.12)-cycloalkyl, S(C.sub.1-C.sub.12)-alkyl, S(C.sub.3-C.sub.12)-cycloalkyl, COO(C.sub.1-C.sub.12)-alkyl, COO(C.sub.3-C.sub.12)-cycloalkyl, CONH(C.sub.1-C.sub.12)-alkyl, CONH(C.sub.3-C.sub.12)-cycloalkyl, CO(C.sub.1-C.sub.12)-alkyl, COO(C.sub.3-C.sub.12)-cycloalkyl, N[(C.sub.1-C.sub.12)-alkyl].sub.2, (C.sub.6-C.sub.20)-aryl, (C.sub.6-C.sub.20)-aryl-(C.sub.1-C.sub.12)-alkyl, (C.sub.6-C.sub.20)-aryl-O(C.sub.1-C.sub.12)-alkyl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.20)-heteroaryl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.20)-heteroaryl-(C.sub.1-C.sub.12)-alkyl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.20)-heteroaryl-O(C.sub.1-C.sub.12)-alkyl, COOH, OH, SO.sub.3H, NH.sub.2, halogen. The invention further relates to Pd complexes comprising the compound according to the invention and to the use thereof in alkoxycarbonylation.

A carrier for selectively synthesizing kerosene fraction from syngas, the carrier including the following components in parts by weight: 5-50 parts of mesoporous zirconia (ZrO.sub.2), 10-55 parts of a silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) molecular sieve, 5-50 parts of modified mesoporous molecular sieve Al-SBA-16, 1-3 parts of sesbania gum powder, and 10-70 parts of alumina A catalyst includes a soluble cobalt salt and the aforesaid carrier. The soluble cobalt salt is loaded on the surface of the carrier.

Metal-doped hydroxyapatite catalysts for isobutanol and propanol synthesis have been developed which exhibit good isobutanol yield in propanol-methanol and ethanol-methanol reactions. The metal-doped hydroxyapatites include, but are not limited to, one or more of metal-doped Mg.sub.xPO.sub.y, Ca.sub.xPO.sub.y, Sr.sub.xPO.sub.y and Ba.sub.xPO.sub.y. The metal-doped hydroxyapatites may have different phosphorus to alkaline earth ratios. Methods for making isobutanol and propanol using the metal-doped hydroxyapatite catalysts are also provided.

A composite material includes: an apatite crystal in the form of a tube; and a functional component accommodated in the apatite crystal tube and constituted by a material having physical properties different from those of the apatite crystal. The apatite crystal may be a monocrystal given by the general formula M.sup.2.sub.5(PO.sub.4).sub.3X, where M.sup.2 denotes at least one element selected from the group consisting of divalent alkali earth metals and Eu, and X denotes at least one element or molecule selected from the group consisting of halogens and OH.

The invention relates to poly oxometalates represented by the formula (A.sub.n).sup.m+{M.sub.s[MM.sub.15X.sub.10O.sub.yR.sub.zH.sub.q]}.sup.m or solvates thereof, corresponding supported poly-oxometalates, and processes for their preparation, as well as corresponding metal-clusters, optionally in the form of a dispersion in a liquid carrier medium or immobilized on a solid support, and processes for their preparation, as well as their use in reductive conversion of organic substrate.

The invention relates to a catalyst comprising a support, at least one noble metal M, tin, phosphorus and at least one lanthanide group element, the content of phosphorus element being comprised between 0.4 and 1% by weight, and the content of lanthanide group element(s) being less than 1% by weight with respect to the weight of the catalyst. The invention also relates to the process for the preparation of the catalyst and the use thereof in reforming.

This invention provides a catalyst formed by bringing together, in an aqueous medium, at least one phosphorus compound, at least one Group VI metal compound, at least one Group VIII metal compound, and an additive which is a) tetraethylene glycol, b) polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight in the range of about 200 to about 400, c) a mixture of tetraethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight in the range of about 200 to about 400, or d) a mixture of (1) tetraethylene glycol and/or polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight in the range of about 200 to about 400 and (2) one or more of monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and triethylene glycol, forming an impregnated carrier; and
drying the impregnated carrier. The molar ratio of additive to the total moles of Group VI metal and Group VIII metal is about 0.36:1 to about 0.6:1.