Disclosed herein are processes, systems, and catalysts for improving pyrolysis technology. The disclosed processes and systems utilize a catalyst to increase pyrolysis gas (py-gas) and decrease bio-oil yields in pyrolysis reactions. The disclosed catalysts may include biochar derived from pyrolysis of industrial residuals, such as pyrolysis of wastewater biosolids (WB) and paper mill sludge (PMS). The disclosed catalysts also may include ash derived from incineration of wastewater biosolids (“biosolids incineration ash” (BIA)).

Hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof are dehydrated using a catalyst and a method to produce bio-acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. A method to produce the dehydration catalyst is also provided.

Photocatalytic water treatment methods that can be particularly beneficial in degradation of PFAS and reactors and reactor systems that can be useful in carrying out the PFAS degradation protocols are described. Methods utilize bismuth phosphate-based semiconductors as catalysts in particulate or other effective high-surface area water-contacting form. The catalysts can be excited by UV light to induce reduction reactions that degrade or transform PFAS contaminants in the water. Reactor systems include multiple reactors in series and/or parallel. Each reactor includes mixers to encourage turbulent flow within the reactor, control of which is isolated from residence time control within the reactor. The reactors include a light source to deliver about 200 W/L or less of activating radiation emission to the internal volume of the reactor, providing a highly efficient photocatalytic reaction system.

Photocatalytic water treatment methods that can be particularly beneficial in degradation of PFAS and reactors and reactor systems that can be useful in carrying out the PFAS degradation protocols are described. Methods utilize bismuth phosphate-based semiconductors as catalysts in particulate or other effective high-surface area water-contacting form. The catalysts can be excited by UV light to induce reduction reactions that degrade or transform PFAS contaminants in the water. Reactor systems include multiple reactors in series and/or parallel. Each reactor includes mixers to encourage turbulent flow within the reactor, control of which is isolated from residence time control within the reactor. The reactors include a light source to deliver about 200 W/L or less of activating radiation emission to the internal volume of the reactor, providing a highly efficient photocatalytic reaction system.

The invention relates to composite compositions including a carbonaceous material and a photocatalyst. The invention includes compositions and various methods, including methods for removing one or more contaminants from a substance such as air, soil, and water.

Hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof are dehydrated using a catalyst and a method to produce bio-acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. A method to produce the dehydration catalyst is also provided.

Hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof are dehydrated using a catalyst and a method to produce bio-acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. A method to produce the dehydration catalyst is also provided.

Hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof are dehydrated using a catalyst and a method to produce bio-acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof. A method to produce the dehydration catalyst is also provided.

Systems and methods are provided for hydroconversion of a heavy oil feed under slurry hydroprocessing conditions and/or solvent assisted hydroprocessing conditions. The systems and methods for slurry hydroconversion can include the use of a configuration that can allow for improved separation of catalyst particles from the slurry hydroprocessing effluent. In addition to allowing for improved catalyst recycle, an amount of fines in the slurry hydroconversion effluent can be reduced or minimized. This can facilitate further processing or handling of any pitch generated during the slurry hydroconversion. The systems and methods for solvent assisted hydroprocessing can include processing of a heavy oil feed in conjunction with a high solvency dispersive power crude.

The present application relates to a hydrogenation catalyst, a process for producing the same and application thereof in the hydrotreatment of feedstock oil. The process comprises at least the following steps: (1) contacting a first active metal component and a first organic complexing agent with a carrier to obtain a composite carrier; (2) calcining the composite carrier to obtain a calcined composite carrier having a total carbon content of 1% by weight or less; and (3) contacting a second organic complexing agent with the calcined composite carrier to obtain the hydrogenation catalyst. The hydrogenation catalyst has both excellent hydrodesulfurization activity and hydrodenitrogenation activity, and exhibits a significantly prolonged service life.