A method for producing a metal nitride and/or a metal carbide, a metal nitride and/or metal carbide optionally produced according to the method, and the use of the metal nitride and/or carbide in catalysis optionally catalytic hydroprocessing. Optionally, the method comprises: i) contacting at least one metal oxide comprising at least one first metal M.sup.1 with a cyanometallate comprising at least one second metal M.sup.2 to form a reaction mixture; and, ii) subjecting the reaction mixture to a temperature of at least 300° C. for a reaction period. Optionally, the metal nitride and/or metal carbide is a metal nitride comprising tungsten nitride.

A method for producing a metal nitride and/or a metal carbide, a metal nitride and/or metal carbide optionally produced according to the method, and the use of the metal nitride and/or carbide in catalysis optionally catalytic hydroprocessing. Optionally, the method comprises: i) contacting at least one metal oxide comprising at least one first metal M.sup.1 with a cyanometallate comprising at least one second metal M.sup.2 to form a reaction mixture; and, ii) subjecting the reaction mixture to a temperature of at least 300° C. for a reaction period. Optionally, the metal nitride and/or metal carbide is a metal nitride comprising tungsten nitride.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction catalysts, and discloses a supported ε/ε′ iron carbide catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, preparation method thereof and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (1) dipping a catalyst carrier in a ferric salt aqueous solution, drying and roasting the dipped carrier to obtain a catalyst precursor; (2) subjecting the catalyst precursor and H.sub.2 to a precursor reduction at the temperature of 300-550° C.; (3) pretreating the material obtained in the step (2) with H.sub.2 and CO at the temperature of 90-185° C., wherein the molar ratio of H.sub.2/CO is 1.2-2.8:1; (4) preparing carbide with the material obtained in the step (3), H.sub.2 and CO at the temperature of 200-300° C., wherein the molar ratio of H.sub.2/CO is 1.0-3.2:1. The preparation method has the advantages of simple and easily obtained raw materials, simple and convenient operation steps, being capable of preparing the catalyst with 100% pure phase ε/ε′ iron carbide as the active phase, the catalyst has lower selectivity of CO.sub.2 and CH.sub.4 and higher selectivity of effective products.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction catalysts, and discloses a supported ε/ε′ iron carbide catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, preparation method thereof and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (1) dipping a catalyst carrier in a ferric salt aqueous solution, drying and roasting the dipped carrier to obtain a catalyst precursor; (2) subjecting the catalyst precursor and H.sub.2 to a precursor reduction at the temperature of 300-550° C.; (3) pretreating the material obtained in the step (2) with H.sub.2 and CO at the temperature of 90-185° C., wherein the molar ratio of H.sub.2/CO is 1.2-2.8:1; (4) preparing carbide with the material obtained in the step (3), H.sub.2 and CO at the temperature of 200-300° C., wherein the molar ratio of H.sub.2/CO is 1.0-3.2:1. The preparation method has the advantages of simple and easily obtained raw materials, simple and convenient operation steps, being capable of preparing the catalyst with 100% pure phase ε/ε′ iron carbide as the active phase, the catalyst has lower selectivity of CO.sub.2 and CH.sub.4 and higher selectivity of effective products.

Transition metal MXene catalysts and methods for using with electrochemical cells for reduction of carbon dioxide and production of hydrocarbons. The transition metal catalysts include nanostructured transition metal carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides. The method includes electrochemically reducing carbon dioxide in an electrochemical cell, by contacting the carbon dioxide with at least one transition metal carbide, nitride, or carbonitride catalyst in the electrochemical cell and applying a potential to the electrochemical cell. Also an apparatus and method for energy production and carbon sequestration. A photovoltaic cell is paired with an electrochemical cell, wherein a cathode side of the electrochemical cell reduces carbon dioxide to hydrocarbon, and an anode side of the electrochemical cell oxidizes water to oxygen. The hydrocarbon outlet can be connected to a heating element of an air handling unit, and the oxygen can likewise be introduced to the unit for air improvement. The cathode includes transition metal catalysts for reducing the carbon dioxide.

Transition metal MXene catalysts and methods for using with electrochemical cells for reduction of carbon dioxide and production of hydrocarbons. The transition metal catalysts include nanostructured transition metal carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides. The method includes electrochemically reducing carbon dioxide in an electrochemical cell, by contacting the carbon dioxide with at least one transition metal carbide, nitride, or carbonitride catalyst in the electrochemical cell and applying a potential to the electrochemical cell. Also an apparatus and method for energy production and carbon sequestration. A photovoltaic cell is paired with an electrochemical cell, wherein a cathode side of the electrochemical cell reduces carbon dioxide to hydrocarbon, and an anode side of the electrochemical cell oxidizes water to oxygen. The hydrocarbon outlet can be connected to a heating element of an air handling unit, and the oxygen can likewise be introduced to the unit for air improvement. The cathode includes transition metal catalysts for reducing the carbon dioxide.

A non-stoichiometric nanocomposite coating and method of making and using the coating. The non-stoichiometric nanocomposite coating is disposed on a base material, such as a metal or ceramic; and the nanocomposite consists essentially of a matrix of an alloy selected from the group of Cu, Ni, Pd, Pt and Re which are catalytically active for cracking of carbon bonds in oils and greases and a grain structure selected from the group of borides, carbides and nitrides.

A non-stoichiometric nanocomposite coating and method of making and using the coating. The non-stoichiometric nanocomposite coating is disposed on a base material, such as a metal or ceramic; and the nanocomposite consists essentially of a matrix of an alloy selected from the group of Cu, Ni, Pd, Pt and Re which are catalytically active for cracking of carbon bonds in oils and greases and a grain structure selected from the group of borides, carbides and nitrides.

Improved methods of oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of short chain alkanes or ethylbenzene to the corresponding olefins, and improved methods of oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) to ethylene and/or ethane, are disclosed. The disclosed methods use boron- or nitride-containing catalysts, and result in improved selectivity and/or byproduct profiles than methods using conventional ODH or OCM catalysts.

Improved methods of oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of short chain alkanes or ethylbenzene to the corresponding olefins, and improved methods of oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) to ethylene and/or ethane, are disclosed. The disclosed methods use boron- or nitride-containing catalysts, and result in improved selectivity and/or byproduct profiles than methods using conventional ODH or OCM catalysts.