Provided is a method of producing a porous molded body, the method including: the step of obtaining a molded body by molding a raw material that contains from 1 part by mass to 100 parts by mass of a bicarbonate compound (A) represented by AHCO.sub.3 (wherein, A represents Na or K) and from 0 parts by mass to 99 parts by mass of a compound (B) represented by B.sub.nX (wherein, B represents Na or K; X represents CO.sub.3, SO.sub.4, SiO.sub.3, F, Cl, or Br; and n represents an integer of 1 or 2 as determined by the valence of X) (provided that a total amount of (A) and (B) is 100 parts by mass); and the step of obtaining a porous molded body by performing a heat treatment of the molded body in a temperature range of from 100° C. to 500° C. and an atmosphere that contains water vapor in an amount of from 1.0 g/m.sup.3 to 750,000 g/m.sup.3 and thereby thermally decomposing not less than 90% by mass of the bicarbonate compound (A).

A process for producing a highly calcined and uniformly calcined product from a feedstock. The process comprising the steps of grinding the feedstock to powder, preheating the powder, and calcining the powder in a reactor plant that comprises a number of reactor segments in which a flash calciner is used in each progressive reactor segment to incrementally react the powder by raising the temperature in each segment. The last segment may be a high-temperature reactor that has a controlled residence time and temperature that may allow controlled finishing of the calcination process to achieve a desired degree of calcination and sintering of the product; and cooling of the product.

A process for producing a highly calcined and uniformly calcined product from a feedstock. The process comprising the steps of grinding the feedstock to powder, preheating the powder, and calcining the powder in a reactor plant that comprises a number of reactor segments in which a flash calciner is used in each progressive reactor segment to incrementally react the powder by raising the temperature in each segment. The last segment may be a high-temperature reactor that has a controlled residence time and temperature that may allow controlled finishing of the calcination process to achieve a desired degree of calcination and sintering of the product; and cooling of the product.

The present invention relates to a process of hydrogenating an alkynol selectively to an alkenol by hydrogen using a hydrogenation catalyst which is palladium supported on a carrier in the presence of an additive which is an organic phosphorus compound bearing either a phosphine or a phosphine oxide group and with the proviso that if the additive bears a phosphino group that the additive bears two or more phosphino groups.

The present invention relates to a process of hydrogenating an alkynol selectively to an alkenol by hydrogen using a hydrogenation catalyst which is palladium supported on a carrier in the presence of an additive which is an organic phosphorus compound bearing either a phosphine or a phosphine oxide group and with the proviso that if the additive bears a phosphino group that the additive bears two or more phosphino groups.

The present disclosure is directed to compositions for use in oxygen capture applications, for example in three-way catalysts (TWC) systems. In some embodiments, the compositions comprise composites of aggregated and/or fused primary particles, the aggregated and/or fused primary particles collectively having the formulae [MnO.sub.x]:.sub.y:[La.sub.zMnO.sub.3].sub.1-y; wherein x is in a range from about 1 to 2.5; y is in a range from about 1 to about 30 wt %, or from about 1 to about 20 wt % or from about 2-10 wt % or from about 2 to about 5 wt %; and z is about 0.7 to about 1.1; and the La.sub.zMnO.sub.3 is a crystalline perovskite phase; the aggregated and/or fused primary particles of the composite having a mean surface area in a range of from about 25 to about 60 m.sup.2/g, preferably from about 27 to about 45 m.sup.2/g. In preferred embodiments, these compositions further comprise low levels of at least one platinum group metal (PGM), preferably Pd.

The present disclosure is directed to compositions for use in oxygen capture applications, for example in three-way catalysts (TWC) systems. In some embodiments, the compositions comprise composites of aggregated and/or fused primary particles, the aggregated and/or fused primary particles collectively having the formulae [MnO.sub.x]:.sub.y:[La.sub.zMnO.sub.3].sub.1-y; wherein x is in a range from about 1 to 2.5; y is in a range from about 1 to about 30 wt %, or from about 1 to about 20 wt % or from about 2-10 wt % or from about 2 to about 5 wt %; and z is about 0.7 to about 1.1; and the La.sub.zMnO.sub.3 is a crystalline perovskite phase; the aggregated and/or fused primary particles of the composite having a mean surface area in a range of from about 25 to about 60 m.sup.2/g, preferably from about 27 to about 45 m.sup.2/g. In preferred embodiments, these compositions further comprise low levels of at least one platinum group metal (PGM), preferably Pd.

The present invention discloses a bismuth oxide (Bi.sub.2O.sub.3)/bismuth subcarbonate ((BiO).sub.2CO.sub.3)/bismuth molybdate (Bi.sub.2MoO.sub.6) composite photocatalyst, including a Bi.sub.2MoO.sub.6 photocatalyst, where Bi.sub.2O.sub.3 and (BiO).sub.2CO.sub.3 nanosheets are introduced to a surface of the Bi.sub.2MoO.sub.6 through addition of Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 and roasting. The present invention also discloses a preparation method of the Bi.sub.2O.sub.3/(BiO).sub.2CO.sub.3/Bi.sub.2MoO.sub.6 composite photocatalyst which is specifically implemented by the following steps: step 1: preparing a Bi.sub.2MoO.sub.6 photocatalyst; step 2: introducing Bi.sub.2O.sub.3 and (BiO).sub.2CO.sub.3 nanosheets to a surface of the Bi.sub.2MoO.sub.6 photocatalyst obtained in step 1 through addition of Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 and roasting to obtain the Bi.sub.2O.sub.3/(BiO).sub.2CO.sub.3/Bi.sub.2MoO.sub.6 composite photocatalyst. The photocatalyst of the present invention has no agglomeration, a wide responsive range of visible light, a significantly improved catalytic activity compared with a Bi.sub.2MoO.sub.6 alone, and excellent reusability. Moreover, the preparation method is simple with mild conditions, desired controllability and convenient operation.

The present invention discloses a bismuth oxide (Bi.sub.2O.sub.3)/bismuth subcarbonate ((BiO).sub.2CO.sub.3)/bismuth molybdate (Bi.sub.2MoO.sub.6) composite photocatalyst, including a Bi.sub.2MoO.sub.6 photocatalyst, where Bi.sub.2O.sub.3 and (BiO).sub.2CO.sub.3 nanosheets are introduced to a surface of the Bi.sub.2MoO.sub.6 through addition of Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 and roasting. The present invention also discloses a preparation method of the Bi.sub.2O.sub.3/(BiO).sub.2CO.sub.3/Bi.sub.2MoO.sub.6 composite photocatalyst which is specifically implemented by the following steps: step 1: preparing a Bi.sub.2MoO.sub.6 photocatalyst; step 2: introducing Bi.sub.2O.sub.3 and (BiO).sub.2CO.sub.3 nanosheets to a surface of the Bi.sub.2MoO.sub.6 photocatalyst obtained in step 1 through addition of Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 and roasting to obtain the Bi.sub.2O.sub.3/(BiO).sub.2CO.sub.3/Bi.sub.2MoO.sub.6 composite photocatalyst. The photocatalyst of the present invention has no agglomeration, a wide responsive range of visible light, a significantly improved catalytic activity compared with a Bi.sub.2MoO.sub.6 alone, and excellent reusability. Moreover, the preparation method is simple with mild conditions, desired controllability and convenient operation.

Catalytic compositions for depolymerizing polyolefin-based waste material into useful petrochemical products and methods of use are described. The compositions are a composite of at least one zeolite catalyst with one or more co-catalyst(s) that is a solid inorganic material. These composite catalysts, along with heat, are used to both increase the depolymerization reaction rate of the feed streams and suppress poisoning effects of non-polyolefin polymers that may be present. This results in a shorter residence time in the depolymerization unit and more efficient process.