Multiple methods of synthesizing cannabigerol are presented. Combining olivetol with geraniol derivatives are provided. Cross-coupling methods of combing functionalized resorcinols are provided. Useful intermediates are formed during such cross-coupling steps.

Multiple methods of synthesizing cannabigerol are presented. Combining olivetol with geraniol derivatives are provided. Cross-coupling methods of combing functionalized resorcinols are provided. Useful intermediates are formed during such cross-coupling steps.

The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of indomethacin synthesis, and discloses a method for synthesizing an indomethacin and an analogue thereof. The method for synthesizing an indomethacin and an analogue thereof includes steps of: introducing an alkyl group, an aromatic ring or a heteroaromatic ring directly at the C2 position of indole, a carboxylic acid fragment at the C3 position of the indole, and an aroyl group at the N1 position of the indole through palladium-catalyzed reactions. The present disclosure solves a problem: most of the existing indomethacin synthesis methods are achieved by construction of an indole ring and modification; simple structural changes of an indomethacin molecule based on this synthetic strategy often require de novo synthesis; the late modification and structure-activity relationship study of the indomethacin molecule have lengthy synthetic steps.

The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of indomethacin synthesis, and discloses a method for synthesizing an indomethacin and an analogue thereof. The method for synthesizing an indomethacin and an analogue thereof includes steps of: introducing an alkyl group, an aromatic ring or a heteroaromatic ring directly at the C2 position of indole, a carboxylic acid fragment at the C3 position of the indole, and an aroyl group at the N1 position of the indole through palladium-catalyzed reactions. The present disclosure solves a problem: most of the existing indomethacin synthesis methods are achieved by construction of an indole ring and modification; simple structural changes of an indomethacin molecule based on this synthetic strategy often require de novo synthesis; the late modification and structure-activity relationship study of the indomethacin molecule have lengthy synthetic steps.

The invention includes procedures for stereoselective β-acylation of carboxylic acids having a β-carbon atom. For example, stereoselective acylation procedures include the following reactions: (I) ##STR00001##

The invention includes procedures for stereoselective β-acylation of carboxylic acids having a β-carbon atom. For example, stereoselective acylation procedures include the following reactions: (I) ##STR00001##

Disclosed herein are processes of making furan-based polyamides using solvent-free melt condensation of a diamine and an ester derivative of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid with a C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 aliphatic diol or a polyol. The processes comprise a) forming a reaction mixture by mixing one or more diamines, a diester comprising an ester derivative of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid with a C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 aliphatic diol or a polyol, and a catalyst, such that the diamine is present in an excess amount of at least 1 mol % with respect to the diester amount; and b) melt polycondensing the reaction mixture in the absence of a solvent at a temperature in the range of 60° C. to a maximum temperature of 250° C. under an inert atmosphere, while removing alkyl alcohol to form a furan-based polyamide, wherein the one or more diamines comprises an aliphatic diamine, an aromatic diamine, or an alkylaromatic diamine.

Disclosed herein are processes of making furan-based polyamides using solvent-free melt condensation of a diamine and an ester derivative of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid with a C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 aliphatic diol or a polyol. The processes comprise a) forming a reaction mixture by mixing one or more diamines, a diester comprising an ester derivative of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid with a C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 aliphatic diol or a polyol, and a catalyst, such that the diamine is present in an excess amount of at least 1 mol % with respect to the diester amount; and b) melt polycondensing the reaction mixture in the absence of a solvent at a temperature in the range of 60° C. to a maximum temperature of 250° C. under an inert atmosphere, while removing alkyl alcohol to form a furan-based polyamide, wherein the one or more diamines comprises an aliphatic diamine, an aromatic diamine, or an alkylaromatic diamine.

Catalysts, catalytic forms and formulations, and catalytic methods are provided. The catalysts and catalytic forms and formulations are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.

Catalysts, catalytic forms and formulations, and catalytic methods are provided. The catalysts and catalytic forms and formulations are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.