Provided herein are systems, methods, and compositions for bioluminescence-triggered photocatalytic activation of molecular entities in a proximity-dependent manner, which can be actuated within biological systems. In particular, provided herein are bioluminescent proteins or complexes, luminophore substrates thereof, photocatalysts, and activatable molecular entities incorporating light-responsive moieties that restrict their activity; systems thereof; and methods for catalytically activating the activatable molecular entities via bioluminescence-triggered catalysis.

Provided herein are systems, methods, and compositions for bioluminescence-triggered photocatalytic activation of molecular entities in a proximity-dependent manner, which can be actuated within biological systems. In particular, provided herein are bioluminescent proteins or complexes, luminophore substrates thereof, photocatalysts, and activatable molecular entities incorporating light-responsive moieties that restrict their activity; systems thereof; and methods for catalytically activating the activatable molecular entities via bioluminescence-triggered catalysis.

Provided is a liquid hydrogen storage material including 1,1-biphenyl and 1,1-methylenedibenzene, the liquid hydrogen storage material including the corresponding 1,1-biphenyl and 1,1-methylenedibenzene at a weight ratio of 1:1 to 1:2.5. The corresponding liquid hydrogen storage material has excellent hydrogen storage capacity value by including materials having high hydrogen storage capacity, and is supplied in a liquid state, and as a result, it is possible to minimize initial investment costs and the like required when the corresponding liquid hydrogen storage material is used as a hydrogen storage material in a variety of industries.

Provided are a double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst used in copolymerization of an epoxide/carbon dioxide useful for preparing polyurethane, a foaming agent, an elastomer, sealant, a coating material, and the like, and an epoxide/carbon dioxide copolymer prepared using the same.

In addition, the present invention provides a double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst prepared using an ion-exchange resin without washing alcohol, and an epoxide/carbon dioxide copolymer having a high purity, a high selectivity, and a high carbonate content prepared using the same.

Disclosed is a method of producing hydrogen from formaldehyde, the method comprising obtaining an aqueous mixture having a basic pH and comprising formaldehyde, an iron containing photocatalyst, and a base, and subjecting the aqueous mixture to light to produce hydrogen (H.sub.2) gas from the formaldehyde.

Disclosed is a method of producing hydrogen from formaldehyde, the method comprising obtaining an aqueous mixture having a basic pH and comprising formaldehyde, an iron containing photocatalyst, and a base, and subjecting the aqueous mixture to light to produce hydrogen (H.sub.2) gas from the formaldehyde.

A method of producing a high primary hydroxyl group content and a high number average molecular weight polyol includes preparing a mixture that includes a double metal cyanide catalyst and a low molecular weight polyether polyol having a number average molecular weight of less than 1,000 g/mol, the polyether polyol is derived from propylene oxide, ethylene oxide, or butylene oxide, setting the mixture to having a first temperature, adding at least one selected from propylene oxide, ethylene oxide, and butylene oxide to the mixture at the first temperature, allowing the mixture to react to form a reacted mixture, adding a Lewis acid catalyst to the reacted mixture, setting the reaction mixture including the second catalyst to have a second temperature that is less than the first temperature, and adding additional at least one selected from propylene oxide, ethylene oxide, and butylene oxide to the reacted mixture at the second temperature such that a resultant polyol having a primary hydroxyl group content of at least 60% and a number average molecular weight greater than 2,500 g/mol is formed.

A method for preparing biomass graphene by using cellulose as a raw material includes preparing a catalyst solution, carrying out ionic coordination and high-temperature deoxidization on cellulose and a catalyst so as to obtain a precursor, carrying out thermal treatment and pre-carbonization, and carrying out acid treatment and drying to obtain the graphene. The graphene is uniform in morphology with a single-layer or multi-layer two-dimensional layered structure having a dimension of 0.5 m to 2 m, and an electric conductivity of 25000 S/m to 45000 S/m. The graphene can be applied to electrode materials of super capacitors and lithium ion batteries, and can also be added to resin and rubber as an additive so as to improve physical properties of the resin and the rubber.

A method for preparing biomass graphene by using cellulose as a raw material includes preparing a catalyst solution, carrying out ionic coordination and high-temperature deoxidization on cellulose and a catalyst so as to obtain a precursor, carrying out thermal treatment and pre-carbonization, and carrying out acid treatment and drying to obtain the graphene. The graphene is uniform in morphology with a single-layer or multi-layer two-dimensional layered structure having a dimension of 0.5 m to 2 m, and an electric conductivity of 25000 S/m to 45000 S/m. The graphene can be applied to electrode materials of super capacitors and lithium ion batteries, and can also be added to resin and rubber as an additive so as to improve physical properties of the resin and the rubber.

This invention relates to a semi-batch process for producing low molecular weight polyoxyalkylene polyols. These polyoxyalkylene polyols are characterized by hydroxyl numbers of from 200 to 500. In accordance with the invention, the first alkylene oxide block used to activate the DMC catalyst comprises from 50% to 100% by weight of propylene oxide and from 0% to 50% by weight of ethylene oxide; and the second alkylene oxide block comprises from 50% to 100% by weight of propylene oxide and from 0% to 50% by weight of ethylene oxide. A continuously added starter is present. Optionally, a third alkylene oxide block can be added. The addition of the second alkylene oxide block and of the third alkylene oxide block when present is completed with a space time yield of greater than or equal to 250 kg/m.sup.3/hr.