Disclosed is a method of producing hydrogen (H.sub.2) gas and calcium carbonate from formaldehyde. The method includes combining an aqueous base, formaldehyde, and a transition metal complex having a coordination bond between a transition metal and a leaving group to form a homogeneous aqueous solution having a basic pH, wherein the leaving group dissociates from the transition metal complex in response to light and/or the basic pH of the solution, producing hydrogen (H.sub.2) gas and formate or a salt thereof from the formaldehyde present in the homogeneous aqueous solution, and producing calcium carbonate using the formate or salt thereof as a carbon source.

Disclosed is a method of producing hydrogen (H.sub.2) gas and calcium carbonate from formaldehyde. The method includes combining an aqueous base, formaldehyde, and a transition metal complex having a coordination bond between a transition metal and a leaving group to form a homogeneous aqueous solution having a basic pH, wherein the leaving group dissociates from the transition metal complex in response to light and/or the basic pH of the solution, producing hydrogen (H.sub.2) gas and formate or a salt thereof from the formaldehyde present in the homogeneous aqueous solution, and producing calcium carbonate using the formate or salt thereof as a carbon source.

Provided herein are methods for converting CBD to a product mixture comprising Δ.sup.8-THC, Δ.sup.9-THC, or a combination thereof. The methods provided herein may comprise one or more of (1) a contacting step wherein a starting material comprising CBD, a catalyst comprising an iron (III) salt, and optionally a solvent are added to a reaction vessel, thereby forming a reaction mixture; (2) a conversion step wherein at least a portion of the CBD is converted to THC, thereby forming a product mixture; and (3) optionally, a separation step wherein at least a portion of the catalyst is removed from the product mixture. Advantageously, the methods utilize a catalyst comprising iron (III) sulfate, which is commonly used as a food additive and is generally recognized as safe for human consumption, and do not require the use of catalysts or other reagents that are hazardous to human health.

Methods and compositions for processing biomass using [Co(CN)5]3″ are disclosed. The resulting products include monomeric carbohydrate units that can also be converted to basic alcohols, including ethanol, for a variety of uses including transportation fuels and the generation of electricity.

Methods and compositions for processing biomass using [Co(CN)5]3″ are disclosed. The resulting products include monomeric carbohydrate units that can also be converted to basic alcohols, including ethanol, for a variety of uses including transportation fuels and the generation of electricity.

A sintered body containing polycrystalline grains of a metal oxynitride containing at least two metal elements, wherein Ba and at least one metal element of a crystal phase of the sintered body are contained in a triple point that is not a void between the polycrystalline grains. A method for producing the sintered body includes sintering a mixture of at least a metal oxynitride as a main component and a sintering aid containing cyanamide in an atmosphere containing nitrogen or a rare gas or in a reduced-pressure atmosphere of 10 Pa or less while applying a mechanical pressure with a retention time at a maximum heating temperature during the sintering set to 1 minute to 10 minutes.

A method of manufacturing a poly(ether-carbonate) polyol comprises a polymerization stage that includes polymerizing carbon dioxide and at least one alkylene oxide, with a starter, in the presence of a double metal cyanide polymerization catalyst and a catalyst promoter that is devoid of halide anions and cyanide. The catalyst promoter is separate from the double metal cyanide polymerization catalyst.

A method of manufacturing a poly(ether-carbonate) polyol comprises a polymerization stage that includes polymerizing carbon dioxide and at least one alkylene oxide, with a starter, in the presence of a double metal cyanide polymerization catalyst and a catalyst promoter that is devoid of halide anions and cyanide. The catalyst promoter is separate from the double metal cyanide polymerization catalyst.

Embodiments relate to a method of producing a modified double metal cyanide complex, a method of producing a monol or polyol that includes providing the modified double metal cyanide complex, an alkylene oxide polymerization process that includes providing the modified double metal cyanide complex, a batch, semi-batch, or continuous manufacturing process that includes providing the modified double metal cyanide complex, and a polyether polyol prepared using the batch, semi-batch, or continuous manufacturing process that includes providing the modified double metal cyanide complex.

Embodiments relate to a method of producing a modified double metal cyanide complex, a method of producing a monol or polyol that includes providing the modified double metal cyanide complex, an alkylene oxide polymerization process that includes providing the modified double metal cyanide complex, a batch, semi-batch, or continuous manufacturing process that includes providing the modified double metal cyanide complex, and a polyether polyol prepared using the batch, semi-batch, or continuous manufacturing process that includes providing the modified double metal cyanide complex.