Embodiments of catalyst systems and methods of synthesizing catalyst systems are provided. The catalyst system may include a core comprising a zeolite; and a shell comprising a microporous fibrous silica. The shell may be in direct contact with at least a majority of an outer surface of the core. The catalyst system may have a Si/Al molar ratio greater than 5. At least a portion of the shell may have a thickness of from 50 nanometers (nm) to 360 nm.

Solid porous composite ZSM-5 materials comprising a generally vertical orientation of an array of pentacil-zeolite crystals on a porous substrate.

The present invention discloses a method for fabricating a titanium-containing silicon oxide material with high thermal stability and applications of the same, wherein a titanium source, a silicon source, an alkaline source, a template molecule and a peroxide are formulated into an aqueous solution; the aqueous solution reacts to generate a solid product; the solid product is separated from the aqueous solution with a solid-liquid separation process and dried; the solid product is calcined to obtain a titanium-containing silicon oxide material with high specific surface area. The titanium-containing silicon oxide material fabricated by the present invention has high thermal stability. Therefore, it still possesses superior catalytic activity after calcination. The titanium-containing silicon oxide material can be used to catalyze epoxidation of olefin and is very useful in epoxide production.

Catalyst compositions comprising a zeolite and a mesoporous support or binder are disclosed. The mesoporous support or binder comprises a mesoporous metal oxide having a particle diameter of greater than or equal to 20 ?m at 50% of the cumulative pore size distribution (d.sub.50). Also disclosed are processes for producing a mono-alkylated aromatic compound (e.g., ethylbenzene or cumene) which exhibit improved yield of the mono-alkylated aromatic compound using alkylation catalysts comprising one or more of these catalyst compositions.

A process is described for producing paraxylene, in which an aromatic hydrocarbon feedstock comprising benzene and/or toluene is contacted with an alkylating reagent comprising methanol and/or dimethyl ether in an alkylation reaction zone under alkylation conditions in the presence of an alkylation catalyst to produce an alkylated aromatic product comprising xylenes. The alkylation catalyst comprises a molecular sieve having a Constraint Index5, and the alkylation conditions comprise a temperature less than 500 C. The alkylation catalyst may be selectivated to produce a higher than equilibrium amount of paraxylene by using a molar ratio of alkylating agent to aromatic of at least 1:4.

The present invention provides a single step process for the synthesis of furfuryl ethyl ether comprises refluxing the reaction mixture of furfuryl alcohol, ethanol and catalyst at temperature in the range of 80 to 120 C. for the period in the range of 3 to 7 hrs to afford furfuryl ethyl ether. The catalyst used in present invention is Zr incorporated SBA-15. Further, the conversion of furfuryl alcohol is in the range of 60 to 90%. The selectivity of reaction towards furfuryl ethyl ether is in the range of 85 to 95%.

To provide a method for producing propionaldehyde directly from glycerol with high yield, gasified glycerol is brought into contact with a silica-type regular mesoporous body. More specifically, gasified glycerol is supplied to a catalyst layer containing a regular mesoporous body while heating the catalyst layer at a temperature ranging from 200 to 800 C. in such a manner that a W/F value can fall within the range from 0.001 to 1000 g.Math.min/ml inclusive wherein W represents an amount (g) of a catalyst and F represents a supply rate (ml/min) of supplied glycerol.

The present invention provides a single step process for the synthesis of furfuryl ethyl ether comprises refluxing the reaction mixture of furfuryl alcohol, ethanol and catalyst at temperature in the range of 80 to 120 C. for the period in the range of 3 to 7 hrs to afford furfuryl ethyl ether. The catalyst used in present invention is Zr incorporated SBA-15. Further, the conversion of furfuryl alcohol is in the range of 60 to 90%. The selectivity of reaction towards furfuryl ethyl ether is in the range of 85 to 95%.

Mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (MGCN) materials and method of making said MGCN materials is described. The MGCN materials include a three dimensional cyanamide based carbon nitride matrix having tunable pore diameters, a pore volume between 0.40 and 0.80 cm.sup.3 g.sup.1, and a surface area of 195 to 300 m.sup.2 gm.sup.1. The matrix comprises sheets of three dimensionally arranged s-heptazine (tri-s-triazine) units. The MGCN materials are used as catalysts in aldol condensation reactions, in particular Knoevenagel reactions. The mesoporous structure is obtained by means of a silica template like KIT-6, which is removed after polymerisation of the cyanamide monomers.

Disclosed is a fuel additive which may remove varnish precursor species in a jet fuel. In particular, the fuel additive may be a multi-functional adsorbent which includes a 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional interconnected mesoporous or mixed micro-/mesoporous framework and a plurality of internal cavities formed in the mesoporous or mixed micro-/mesoporous framework and the internal cavities include charged sites to accommodate fuel contaminants for varnish formation, such as metal ions and heteroatomic contaminants. In addition, methods of preparing the multi-functional adsorbent and methods for removing varnish precursor species with the fuel additive are provided.