The present invention relates to a heavy oil catalytic cracking catalyst having a high yield of light oil and preparation methods thereof. The catalyst comprises 2 to 50% by weight of a magnesium-modified ultra-stable rare earth type Y molecular sieve, 0.5 to 30% by weight of one or more other molecular sieves, 0.5 to 70% by weight of clay, 1.0 to 65% by weight of high-temperature-resistant inorganic oxides, and 0.01 to 12.5% by weight of rare earth oxide. The magnesium-modified ultra-stable rare earth type Y molecular sieve is obtained by the following manner: the raw material, a NaY molecular sieve, is subjected to a rare earth exchange, a dispersing pre-exchange, a magnesium salt exchange modification, an ammonium salt exchange for sodium reduction, a second exchange and a second calcination. The catalyst provided in the present invention is characteristic in its high conversion capacity of heavy oil and a high yield of light oil.

A method for synthesizing an aluminophosphate based molecular sieve is described. The method may include the steps of: (a) preparing an aqueous mixture comprising water, a substituted hydrocarbon, and a 1-oxa-4-azacyclohexane derivative; (b) reacting the aqueous mixture; (c) obtaining a solution comprising an organo-1-oxa-4-azoniumcyclohexane compound; (d) forming a reaction mixture comprising reactive sources of Al, and P, and the solution; and (e) heating the reaction mixture to form the molecular sieve.

A method for synthesizing an aluminophosphate based molecular sieve is described. The method may include the steps of: (a) preparing an aqueous mixture comprising water, a substituted hydrocarbon, and a 1-oxa-4-azacyclohexane derivative; (b) reacting the aqueous mixture; (c) obtaining a solution comprising an organo-1-oxa-4-azoniumcyclohexane compound; (d) forming a reaction mixture comprising reactive sources of Al, and P, and the solution; and (e) heating the reaction mixture to form the molecular sieve.

A method for preparing molecular sieves with a Linde Type A (LTA) topology structure, and molecular sieves obtained thereby are described wherein a structure directing agent comprising a triquaternary cation is contacted with a source of a first oxide of a first tetravalent element or a source of a first oxide of a trivalent element; and a source of an oxide of a pentavalent elements.

A method for preparing molecular sieves with a Linde Type A (LTA) topology structure, and molecular sieves obtained thereby are described wherein a structure directing agent comprising a triquaternary cation is contacted with a source of a first oxide of a first tetravalent element or a source of a first oxide of a trivalent element; and a source of an oxide of a pentavalent elements.

A new crystalline zinc (silico)aluminophosphate molecular sieve designated SSZ-90 is disclosed. SSZ-90 is isostructural with the DFO framework type and is synthesized using an ionic liquid as both the solvent and the structure directing agent. The ionic liquid [Q.sup.+A.sup.] comprises a cation (Q.sup.+) selected from the group consisting of 1,3-diisopropylimidazolium, 1,3-diisobutylimidazolium, and 1-isopropyl-3-isobutylimidazolium and an anion (A.sup.) which is not detrimental to the formation of the molecular sieve.

A new crystalline zinc (silico)aluminophosphate molecular sieve designated SSZ-90 is disclosed. SSZ-90 is isostructural with the DFO framework type and is synthesized using an ionic liquid as both the solvent and the structure directing agent. The ionic liquid [Q.sup.+A.sup.] comprises a cation (Q.sup.+) selected from the group consisting of 1,3-diisopropylimidazolium, 1,3-diisobutylimidazolium, and 1-isopropyl-3-isobutylimidazolium and an anion (A.sup.) which is not detrimental to the formation of the molecular sieve.

Methods for introducing mesoporosity into zeolite materials that employ an acid pretreatment step are provided. By utilizing a non-acidic chelating agent during the acid treatment step, the zeolite material can be pretreated with a strong acid, often in higher concentrations or over shorter contact times, than had previously been contemplated. The resulting acid-treated mesoporous materials retain desirable properties, including Si/Al, UCS, and total mesopore and micropore volume. The ability to use a stronger acid without damaging the zeolite material results in a less expensive process capable of producing mesoporous zeolite materials suitable for a wide range of uses.

Methods for introducing mesoporosity into zeolite materials that employ an acid pretreatment step are provided. By utilizing a non-acidic chelating agent during the acid treatment step, the zeolite material can be pretreated with a strong acid, often in higher concentrations or over shorter contact times, than had previously been contemplated. The resulting acid-treated mesoporous materials retain desirable properties, including Si/Al, UCS, and total mesopore and micropore volume. The ability to use a stronger acid without damaging the zeolite material results in a less expensive process capable of producing mesoporous zeolite materials suitable for a wide range of uses.

A cold start catalyst is disclosed. The cold start catalyst comprises a zeolite catalyst and a supported platinum group metal catalyst. The zeolite catalyst comprises a base metal, a noble metal, and a zeolite. The supported platinum group metal catalyst comprises one or more platinum group metals and one or more inorganic oxide carriers. The invention also includes an exhaust system comprising the cold start catalyst. The cold start catalyst and the process result in improved NO.sub.x storage and NO.sub.x conversion, improved hydrocarbon storage and conversion, and improved CO oxidation through the cold start period.