Disclosed is a process for preparing 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol by reacting 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane dione with isobutanol in the presence of a tandem transfer hydrogenation and Tischenko reaction catalyst.

A process for obtaining higher aliphatic alcohols starting from aliphatic primary alcohols by condensation reactions is disclosed. Specifically, the process comprises a step in which an aliphatic primary alcohol is contacted in a homogeneous phase with a catalyst mixture comprising a transition metal, a base and an additive; specifically, this additive can be selected from the classes of compounds of the isoquinolines N-oxide, quinolines N-oxide, pyridines N-oxide, benzoquinones, naphthoquinones, or TEMPO. In particular, the process can be carried out by contacting said aliphatic primary alcohol with a catalyst of a recycled transition metal, with a freshly added base and with a recycled additive of the aforementioned type.

A process for obtaining higher aliphatic alcohols starting from aliphatic primary alcohols by condensation reactions is disclosed. Specifically, the process comprises a step in which an aliphatic primary alcohol is contacted in a homogeneous phase with a catalyst mixture comprising a transition metal, a base and an additive; specifically, this additive can be selected from the classes of compounds of the isoquinolines N-oxide, quinolines N-oxide, pyridines N-oxide, benzoquinones, naphthoquinones, or TEMPO. In particular, the process can be carried out by contacting said aliphatic primary alcohol with a catalyst of a recycled transition metal, with a freshly added base and with a recycled additive of the aforementioned type.

The disclosure relates to dicarbonyl complexes of ruthenium and osmium with bi- and tridentate nitrogen and phosphine ligands. The disclosure relates to methods for preparing these complexes and the use of these complexes, isolated or prepared in situ, as catalysts for reduction reactions of ketones and aldehydes both via transfer hydrogenation or hydrogenation with hydrogen.

A hydroformylation catalyst having excellent catalytic activity and stability, a composition including the hydroformylation catalyst, and a method of preparing an aldehyde using the hydroformylation catalyst, wherein, when hydroformylation of an olefin compound is performed in the presence of the hydroformylation catalyst to prepare an aldehyde, the normal/iso (n/i) ratio of the prepared aldehyde is lowered, and synthesis gas yield is increased.

A hydroformylation catalyst having excellent catalytic activity and stability, a composition including the hydroformylation catalyst, and a method of preparing an aldehyde using the hydroformylation catalyst, wherein, when hydroformylation of an olefin compound is performed in the presence of the hydroformylation catalyst to prepare an aldehyde, the normal/iso (n/i) ratio of the prepared aldehyde is lowered, and synthesis gas yield is increased.

The present invention relates to catalyst compositions for hydroformylation processes and to hydroformylation processes utilizing certain catalysts. In one aspect, a catalyst composition for a hydroformylation process comprises (a) a transition metal; (b) a monophosphine; and (c) a tetraphosphine having the structure described herein, and wherein the composition comprises at least 40 moles of monophosphine per mole of transition metal.

The present invention relates to methods for slowing deactivation of a catalyst and/or slowing tetraphosphine ligand usage in a hydroformylation process. In one aspect, a method comprises (a) contacting an olefin with carbon monoxide, hydrogen and a catalyst, the catalyst comprising (A) a transition metal, (B) a tetraphosphine having the structure described herein, and, optionally, (C) a monophosphine having the structure described herein, the contacting conducted in one or more reaction zones and at hydroformylation conditions; and (b) adding additional monophosphine having the structure described herein to a reaction zone.

The present invention relates to a triazine precondensate according to the general formula (I) where R.sub.1 means Q.sup.1 or a moiety of the formula R.sub.3NR.sub.4 connected with the nitrogen atom to the triazine ring of the structure of formula (I), where R.sub.9 means Q.sup.1 or a moiety of the formula R.sub.7NR.sub.8 connected with the nitrogen atom to the triazine ring of the structure of formula (I), where R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.6 mean independently from each other H, Q.sup.1 or (i), R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 mean independently from each other H, Q.sup.1, (ii) or (iii) or (i), R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 mean independently from each other R.sub.7 or R.sub.8; R.sub.5 means linear or branched C.sub.2-C.sub.20-alkyl that can be interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, sulphur atoms, substituted or non-substituted nitrogen atoms.

The present invention relates to a triazine precondensate according to the general formula (I) where R.sub.1 means Q.sup.1 or a moiety of the formula R.sub.3NR.sub.4 connected with the nitrogen atom to the triazine ring of the structure of formula (I), where R.sub.9 means Q.sup.1 or a moiety of the formula R.sub.7NR.sub.8 connected with the nitrogen atom to the triazine ring of the structure of formula (I), where R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.6 mean independently from each other H, Q.sup.1 or (i), R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 mean independently from each other H, Q.sup.1, (ii) or (iii) or (i), R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 mean independently from each other R.sub.7 or R.sub.8; R.sub.5 means linear or branched C.sub.2-C.sub.20-alkyl that can be interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, sulphur atoms, substituted or non-substituted nitrogen atoms.