Gold (I) complexes that can absorb light in the near-UV and/or visible regions and methods of making and using thereof are described. These gold (I) complexes have photochemical reactivities, such as strong absorption of near-UV and/or visible light, quenching rate constants ≥3.5×10.sup.5 s.sup.−1, etc., that allow them to catalyze photoredox reactions, such as homocoupling of organic halides (e.g. alkyl halides and aryl halides), alkylation of 2-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, cyclization of indoles, reductive dehalogenation of aryl halides, and/or C—H bonds cleavage, under near-UV and/or visible light. The product of a photo-induced organic reaction catalyzed by the gold (I) complexes described herein can have a yield that is higher than the yield of the same product formed from the same reaction under the same reaction conditions, using the same loading or a higher loading of [Au.sub.2(μ-dppm).sub.2](Cl).sub.2, [Ru(bpy).sub.3](Cl).sub.2, and/or [fac-Ir(ppy).sub.3] compared to the loading of the one or more gold (I) complex(es).

Gold (I) complexes that can absorb light in the near-UV and/or visible regions and methods of making and using thereof are described. These gold (I) complexes have photochemical reactivities, such as strong absorption of near-UV and/or visible light, quenching rate constants ≥3.5×10.sup.5 s.sup.−1, etc., that allow them to catalyze photoredox reactions, such as homocoupling of organic halides (e.g. alkyl halides and aryl halides), alkylation of 2-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, cyclization of indoles, reductive dehalogenation of aryl halides, and/or C—H bonds cleavage, under near-UV and/or visible light. The product of a photo-induced organic reaction catalyzed by the gold (I) complexes described herein can have a yield that is higher than the yield of the same product formed from the same reaction under the same reaction conditions, using the same loading or a higher loading of [Au.sub.2(μ-dppm).sub.2](Cl).sub.2, [Ru(bpy).sub.3](Cl).sub.2, and/or [fac-Ir(ppy).sub.3] compared to the loading of the one or more gold (I) complex(es).

There is provided a method for producing a catalyst liquid containing a Group 6 to 11 transition metal catalyst in which the transition metal catalyst can be prevented from being blackened during storage, the method including performing addition of an alkenyl compound and addition of a phosphorus ligand, and then performing addition of a Group 6 to 11 transition metal catalyst

There is provided a method for producing a catalyst liquid containing a Group 6 to 11 transition metal catalyst in which the transition metal catalyst can be prevented from being blackened during storage, the method including performing addition of an alkenyl compound and addition of a phosphorus ligand, and then performing addition of a Group 6 to 11 transition metal catalyst

A process for the production of 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde is described. The process comprises reacting allyl alcohol with a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of methylcyclohexane as a reaction solvent and a catalyst system comprising a rhodium complex and a substituted or unsubstituted diphosphine ligand. The use of the methylcyclohexane increases the reaction rate while also giving a high yield of 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde compared to 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionaldehyde and improving the separation of the hydroxyaldehyde products from the catalyst system.

Methods for preparing the Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (“BTK”) inhibitor compound 2-{3′-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-5-[5-((S)-2-methyl-4-oxetan-3-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-[3,4′]bipyridinyl-2′-yl}-7,7-dimethyl-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-2H,6H-cyclopenta[4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-1-one are provided. Methods for preparing tricyclic lactam compounds are also provided.

In one aspect, phosphine compounds comprising three adamantyl moieties (PAd.sub.3) and associated synthetic routes are described herein. Each adamantyl moiety may be the same or different. For example, each adamantyl moiety (Ad) attached to the phosphorus atom can be independently selected from the group consisting of adamantane, diamantane, triamantane and derivatives thereof. Transition metal complexes comprising PAd.sub.3 ligands are also provided for catalytic synthesis including catalytic cross-coupling reactions.

Disclosed is a method for synthesizing N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide compound and intermediate thereof. The method comprises a method for synthesizing a compound 1, comprising conducting a Buchwald-Hartwig coupling reaction as shown below with compound A and compound B in a solvent and in the presence of a base and a palladium catalyst to obtain the compound 1; wherein R is C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl. The present disclosure synthesizes three intermediate compounds required by the target compound and their preparation methods for the first time. Using the method disclosed in the present disclosure to synthesize the target compound 3 has the advantages of high yield, good purity, easy-to-obtain reaction raw materials, suitable for industrial production.

##STR00001##

Disclosed is a method for synthesizing N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamide compound and intermediate thereof. The method comprises a method for synthesizing a compound 1, comprising conducting a Buchwald-Hartwig coupling reaction as shown below with compound A and compound B in a solvent and in the presence of a base and a palladium catalyst to obtain the compound 1; wherein R is C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl. The present disclosure synthesizes three intermediate compounds required by the target compound and their preparation methods for the first time. Using the method disclosed in the present disclosure to synthesize the target compound 3 has the advantages of high yield, good purity, easy-to-obtain reaction raw materials, suitable for industrial production.

##STR00001##

A process for producing branched alcohols through isomerization, hydroformylation and hydrogenation.