Disclosed are a thienopyrimidine derivative and a preparation method therefor. Provided is a method for preparing a compound as shown in formula B, which method is characterized by comprising the following steps: subjecting a compound as shown in formula C with a compound as shown in formula K to a coupling reaction as shown below under a protective gas atmosphere, in a solvent and in the presence of a catalyst and a base, wherein the catalyst comprises a palladium compound and a phosphine ligand. The preparation method of the present invention can improve the yield of products, and reduce the production cost; in addition, the preparation method has simple reaction conditions and a strong process operability, which is beneficial to industrial production and the reduction of the generation of three wastes.

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The present invention relates to a formate production method including: a first step of producing a formate by causing a reaction between carbon dioxide and hydrogen in a solution containing a solvent, a catalyst dissolved in the solvent, and a metal salt or an organic salt; and a second step of separating, by a separation membrane, the catalyst from a reaction solution obtained in the first step, in which the catalyst contains at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of metal elements belonging to Group 8, Group 9, and Group 10 of a periodic table.

The present disclosure relates to a catalyst system comprising i) (a) a bicyclic 2-[(phosphinyl)aminyl] cyclic imine chromium salt or (b) a chromium salt and a bicyclic 2-[(phosphinyl)aminyl] cyclic imine and ii) an organoaluminum compound. The present disclosure also relates to a process comprising: a) contacting i) ethylene; ii) a catalyst system comprising (a) a 2-[(phosphinyl)aminyl] cyclic imine chromium salt complex or (b) a chromium salt and a bicyclic 2-[(phosphinyl)aminyl] cyclic imine; ii) an organoaluminum compound, and iii) optionally an organic reaction medium; and b) forming an oligomer product in a reaction zone.

A catalytic process for preparing an α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, comprising a) contacting an alkene and carbon dioxide with a carboxylation catalyst, an organic solvent, and an alkoxide having a secondary or tertiary carbon atom directly bound to an [O.sup.−] group, to obtain a crude reaction product comprising the α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt and an alcohol by-product which is the conjugate acid of the alkoxide, b) allowing the α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt to precipitate out from the crude reaction product; and c) subjecting at least part of the crude reaction product to a mechanical separation step while maintaining the alcohol by-product in liquid form to obtain a solid phase comprising the α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt and a liquid phase comprising the carboxylation catalyst, the organic solvent and the alcohol by-product. The process allows for easy separation of the α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt by a mechanical separation operation.

A catalytic process for preparing an α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, comprising a) contacting an alkene and carbon dioxide with a carboxylation catalyst, an organic solvent, and an alkoxide having a secondary or tertiary carbon atom directly bound to an [O.sup.−] group, to obtain a crude reaction product comprising the α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt and an alcohol by-product which is the conjugate acid of the alkoxide, b) allowing the α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt to precipitate out from the crude reaction product; and c) subjecting at least part of the crude reaction product to a mechanical separation step while maintaining the alcohol by-product in liquid form to obtain a solid phase comprising the α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt and a liquid phase comprising the carboxylation catalyst, the organic solvent and the alcohol by-product. The process allows for easy separation of the α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt by a mechanical separation operation.

Aldehyde generation includes providing a first input stream, a second input, and an alkene substrate to a reactor system. The first input stream includes a catalyst, a ligand, and an organic solvent. The second input stream includes a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen gas (H.sub.2). The alkene substrate is in either gaseous form or liquid form, the liquid form of the alkene substrate being provided with the first input stream, the gaseous form of the alkene substrate being provided with the second input stream. The reactor system includes a first reactor and a second reactor, where the second reactor is gas permeable and positioned within the first reactor.

Aldehyde generation includes providing a first input stream, a second input, and an alkene substrate to a reactor system. The first input stream includes a catalyst, a ligand, and an organic solvent. The second input stream includes a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen gas (H.sub.2). The alkene substrate is in either gaseous form or liquid form, the liquid form of the alkene substrate being provided with the first input stream, the gaseous form of the alkene substrate being provided with the second input stream. The reactor system includes a first reactor and a second reactor, where the second reactor is gas permeable and positioned within the first reactor.

The present disclosure relates to a catalyst system comprising i) (a) an N.sup.2-phosphinyl bicyclic amidine chromium salt or (b) a chromium salt and an N.sup.2-phosphinyl bicyclic amidine and ii) an organoaluminum compound. The present disclosure also relate to a process comprising: a) contacting i) ethylene; ii) a catalyst system comprising (a) an N.sup.2-phosphinyl bicyclic amidine chromium salt complex or (b) a chromium salt and an N.sup.2-phosphinyl bicyclic amidine; ii) an organoaluminum compound, and iii) optionally an organic reaction medium; and b) forming an oligomer product in a reaction zone.

The disclosure includes high purity compounds having CCR5 and/or CCR2 antagonism, or salts thereof, high purity intermediates thereto and processes for synthesizing the same.

The disclosure includes high purity compounds having CCR5 and/or CCR2 antagonism, or salts thereof, high purity intermediates thereto and processes for synthesizing the same.