In a photocatalyst and a photocatalyst carrier, tungsten oxide microcrystals that have a crystal grain size of 10 nm or less and oxidizes a gaseous chemical substance and titanium oxide microcrystals that have a crystal grain size of 10 nm or less and oxidizes the gaseous chemical substance are irregularly arranged to form a solid.

Provided are catalyst particles for treating vehicle exhaust gas, containing semiconductor nanoparticles supported by noble metals.

Methods for making photocatalyst compositions and elements exhibiting desired photocatalytic activity levels and transparency.

Catalysts prepared from abundant, cost effective metals, such as cobalt, nickel, chromium, manganese, iron, and copper, and containing one or more neutrally charged ligands (e.g., monodentate, bidentate, and/or polydentate ligands) and methods of making and using thereof are described herein. Exemplary ligands include, but are not limited to, phosphine ligands, nitrogen-based ligands, sulfur-based ligands, and/or arsenic-based ligands. In some embodiments, the catalyst is a cobalt-based catalyst or a nickel-based catalyst. The catalysts described herein are stable and active at neutral pH and in a wide range of buffers that are both weak and strong proton acceptors. While its activity is slightly lower than state of the art cobalt-based water oxidation catalysts under some conditions, it is capable of sustaining electrolysis at high applied potentials without a significant degradation in catalytic current. This enhanced robustness gives it an advantage in industrial and large-scale water electrolysis schemes.

A hydrogen generation method including steps as follows: adding a nitrogen-substituted derivative of an alkyldithiolate ruthenium complex as a biomimetic hydrogenase photocatalyst into a solution, adding an organic acid into the solution, adding a P-ligand into the solution, adding an electron donor into the solution, and irradiating the solution with light in order to generate hydrogen.

A method of making a multicomponent photocatalyst, includes inducing precipitation from a pre-cursor solution comprising a pre-cursor of a plasmonic material and a pre-cursor of a reactive component to form co-precipitated particles; collecting the co-precipitated particles; and annealing the co-precipitated particles to form the multicomponent photocatalyst comprising a reactive component optically, thermally, or electronically coupled to a plasmonic material.

A photocatalytic reactor for use in a heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning system, and comprises a longitudinal housing having a wall and allowing air or gas to pass through along the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal housing. A plurality of tubes are positioned in the longitudinal housing and arranged such that some outer tubes are positioned closer to the housing wall than some inner tubes. The tubes have their longitudinal axis parallel with the longitudinal axis of the longitudinal housing allowing the air or gas to pass along and through the tubes and the tubes comprise photocatalytic material in or on their tube walls. The system comprises an irradiation system for irradiating the photocatalytic material for inducing catalytic action. The irradiation system and plurality of tubes are configured so that upon irradiating by the irradiation system photocatalytic material of the outer tubes and inner tubes is irradiated.

A small-scale application apparatus including an ozone generation apparatus configured to generate ozone gas, the application apparatus being configured to perform ozone usage processing. The ozone generation apparatus includes a load-resonant high-frequency step-up transformer configured to obtain a stepped-up high-frequency voltage and an ozone generator configured to receive the stepped-up high-frequency voltage as an operating voltage to generate the ozone gas having an ozone concentration of at least 200 g/m.sup.3 from raw gas containing oxygen gas. The application apparatus receives the ozone gas under a pressure environment of at least 0.2 MPa.

The invention relates to a composition that contains a first semiconductor SC1, particles that comprise one or more element(s) M in the metal state selected from among an element of groups IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIIIB, IB, IIB, IIIA, IVA and VA of the periodic table, and a second semiconductor SC2 that comprises indium oxide, with said first semiconductor SC1 being in direct contact with said particles that comprise one or more element(s) M in the metal state, with said particles being in direct contact with said second semiconductor SC2 that comprises indium oxide in such a way that the second semiconductor SC2 covers at least 50% of the surfaces of the particles that comprise one or more element(s) M in the metal state. The invention also relates to its preparation method as well as its application of photocatalysis.

The present disclosure relates to a photoelectrode including a catalyst retaining layer, a method of preparing the same, and a photoelectrochemical cell including the photoelectrode.