There is disclosed a method of constructing a layered double hydroxide (LDH) material comprising selected metal ions, and employing metallic vanadium carbide (V.sub.2C) for promoting conductive properties of the LDH material, wherein the layered LDH material is a trimetallic LDH material. The trimetallic LDH material comprises selected Ni.sup.2+, Co.sup.2+, and A.sup.3+ metal ions with its cationic configuration for improving photocatalytic properties of the LDH material, wherein trimetallic nickel-cobalt-aluminium layered double hydroxide (Ni.sub.xCo.sub.yAl.sub.z LDH) and vanadium carbide MXene (V.sub.2C)-based composite is coupled with a graphitic carbon nitride (g-C.sub.3N.sub.4) nanosheet, to form a hybrid-junction photocatalyst. Also disclosed is a layered structure of vanadium carbide (V.sub.2C) MXenes, comprising trimetallic nickel-cobalt-aluminium layered double hydroxide (Ni.sub.xCo.sub.yAl.sub.z LDH) and vanadium carbide MXene (V.sub.2C) coupled with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C.sub.3N.sub.4), forming a Ni.sub.xCo.sub.yAl.sub.z LDH/g-C.sub.3N.sub.4 hybrid-junction photocatalyst.

An active catalyst for ammonia synthesis is integrated with a specialty sorbent in a composition or composite, such that the catalyst portion and the sorbent portion are in direct intimate contact, which overcomes the thermodynamic limits for conversion. The sorbent may comprise a metal halide absorbent, zeolite adsorbent, other material absorbents or adsorbents, to capture ammonia as it is produced in intimate or near molecular contact with the catalyst, wherein the composition/composite may be provided in the form of a granular or pellet structure. By removing ammonia essentially as it forms, the forward reaction for producing ammonia can continue nearly unabated such that high net conversion can be achieved in a single pass or cumulative within segmented reactors as operated in series.

An active catalyst for ammonia synthesis is integrated with a specialty sorbent in a composition or composite, such that the catalyst portion and the sorbent portion are in direct intimate contact, which overcomes the thermodynamic limits for conversion. The sorbent may comprise a metal halide absorbent, zeolite adsorbent, other material absorbents or adsorbents, to capture ammonia as it is produced in intimate or near molecular contact with the catalyst, wherein the composition/composite may be provided in the form of a granular or pellet structure. By removing ammonia essentially as it forms, the forward reaction for producing ammonia can continue nearly unabated such that high net conversion can be achieved in a single pass or cumulative within segmented reactors as operated in series.

The present invention pertains to a catalyst comprising well-defined structured metal oxides and mixed metal oxide and a method for the preparation of the catalyst by hydrolysis and precipitation methods. The catalyst comprises a first metal oxide and a second metal oxide, wherein metal of the first metal oxide is molybdenum (Mo) and metal of the second metal oxide is selected from a group comprises iron (Fe), aluminium (Al), silicon (Si) and a mixture thereof; wherein the catalyst has an atomic ratio of Mo to Fe, Al or Si in a range of 0.8 to 6. The catalyst is utilized for the maximization of naphtha through hydrocracking of petroleum feedstock.

The present invention pertains to a catalyst comprising well-defined structured metal oxides and mixed metal oxide and a method for the preparation of the catalyst by hydrolysis and precipitation methods. The catalyst comprises a first metal oxide and a second metal oxide, wherein metal of the first metal oxide is molybdenum (Mo) and metal of the second metal oxide is selected from a group comprises iron (Fe), aluminium (Al), silicon (Si) and a mixture thereof; wherein the catalyst has an atomic ratio of Mo to Fe, Al or Si in a range of 0.8 to 6. The catalyst is utilized for the maximization of naphtha through hydrocracking of petroleum feedstock.

Disclosed herein are chromium-free catalyst compositions having an alumina support and a copper compound on the alumina support. The catalyst composition may further include a promoter. Further disclosed are methods of preparing such catalyst compositions and methods of use thereof.

Disclosed herein are chromium-free catalyst compositions having an alumina support and a copper compound on the alumina support. The catalyst composition may further include a promoter. Further disclosed are methods of preparing such catalyst compositions and methods of use thereof.

An internal reflector photoreactor system includes a stainless-steel cylindrical vessel having a window on a top face. The stainless-steel cylindrical vessel has a reflector inside the vessel on a bottom surface orientated towards the top face and the stainless-steel cylindrical vessel has a mesh bisecting the stainless-steel cylindrical vessel on a horizontal plane and the mesh is coated with a graphitic carbon nitride photocatalyst. Further, the internal reflector photoreactor system includes a light source and the light source is located above the stainless-steel cylindrical vessel.

An internal reflector photoreactor system includes a stainless-steel cylindrical vessel having a window on a top face. The stainless-steel cylindrical vessel has a reflector inside the vessel on a bottom surface orientated towards the top face and the stainless-steel cylindrical vessel has a mesh bisecting the stainless-steel cylindrical vessel on a horizontal plane and the mesh is coated with a graphitic carbon nitride photocatalyst. Further, the internal reflector photoreactor system includes a light source and the light source is located above the stainless-steel cylindrical vessel.

[Technical Problem] To provide a chlorine gas decomposition catalyst that can remove chlorine gas contained in, for example, exhaust gas, with high efficiency, and is less likely to reduce catalyst components when used.

[Solution to Problem] A chlorine gas decomposition catalyst, including a composite oxide (X) of Al and at least one element M1 selected from the group consisting of Ce and Co.