A thermal method of forming ferric oxide nano/microparticles with predominant morphology is described using different solvents. Methods of using the Fe.sub.3O.sub.4 nano/microparticles as catalysts in the reduction of nitro compounds with sodium borohydride to the corresponding amines and decomposition of ammonium salts.

A catalytic converter arrangement for producing phthalic anhydride by means of a gas phase oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons, comprising a reactor with a gas inlet side for a reactant gas, a gas outlet side for a product gas, a first catalytic converter layer made of catalytic converter elements, and at least one second catalytic converter layer made of catalytic converter elements. The first catalytic converter layer is arranged on the gas inlet side, and the second catalytic converter layer is arranged downstream of the first catalytic converter layer in the gas flow direction. The catalytic converter elements have an outer layer of an active compound. The invention is characterized in that the active compound content in the first catalytic converter layer and/or in the second catalytic converter layer is below 7 wt. %, based on the total weight of the catalytic converter elements, and the ratio of the total surface of the active compound to the volume of the catalytic converter layer is preferably 10000 cm1 to 20000 cm1, in each catalytic converter layer.

Described are a photocatalytic reforming method, a photocatalyst granular material comprising photocatalyst crystals reformed thereby, and a preparation method therefor, the photocatalytic reforming method comprising the steps of: in order to separate a monatomic layer of a photocatalyst, hydrothermally synthesizing the photocatalyst by reacting the photocatalyst with an alkaline solution at a temperature of at least 100 C.; and processing the hydrothermally synthesized photocatalyst so that crystals of the photocatalyst have tubular shapes.

Described are a photocatalytic reforming method, a photocatalyst granular material comprising photocatalyst crystals reformed thereby, and a preparation method therefor, the photocatalytic reforming method comprising the steps of: in order to separate a monatomic layer of a photocatalyst, hydrothermally synthesizing the photocatalyst by reacting the photocatalyst with an alkaline solution at a temperature of at least 100 C.; and processing the hydrothermally synthesized photocatalyst so that crystals of the photocatalyst have tubular shapes.

A method for preparing a catalyst comprising (i) preparing a calcined shaped calcium aluminate catalyst support, (ii) treating the calcined shaped calcium aluminate support with water, and then drying the support, (iii) impregnating the dried support with a solution containing one or more metal compounds and drying the impregnated support, (iv) calcining the dried impregnated support, to form metal oxide on the surface of the support and (v) optionally repeating steps (ii), (iii) and (iv) on the metal oxide coated support. The method provides an eggshell catalyst in which the metal oxide is concentrated in an outer layer on the support.

Tapes, expanded tapes, and methods of making the same. The tapes and expanded tapes include long-strand PTFE fibrils, short-strand PTFE fibrils, and an oriented network. The oriented network includes nodes. The nodes include active particles and short-strand PTFE fibrils distributed among the active particles.

Tapes, expanded tapes, and methods of making the same. The tapes and expanded tapes include long-strand PTFE fibrils, short-strand PTFE fibrils, and an oriented network. The oriented network includes nodes. The nodes include active particles and short-strand PTFE fibrils distributed among the active particles.

The disclosure relates to systems and methods in which composite catalysts are heated with electrical-resistance heating. The composite catalysts include a catalytically active phase and a porous metal oxide.

The disclosure relates to systems and methods in which composite catalysts are heated with electrical-resistance heating. The composite catalysts include a catalytically active phase and a porous metal oxide.

A process for producing ceria extrudates is disclosed. The process includes may include mixing ceria, a cellulose ether, and optionally a solvent to form a mixture; extruding the mixture to form an extrudate; and drying and/or calcining the extrudate. The extrudate is suitable as a catalyst or a catalyst support, in particular for conversion of carbon dioxide to value-added products.