There are provided, for example, a reducing agent that can be used in a chemical looping method, a method of producing a gas using such a reducing agent and a method of increasing conversion efficiency, through which the efficiency of converting carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide is high. The reducing agent of the present invention is a reducing agent that produces valuables containing carbon by reducing carbon dioxide, including a granular support having a plurality of pores and an angle of repose of 45? or more and an oxygen carrier which is supported on the support and has oxygen ion conductivity. In addition, in the reducing agent of the present invention, the support preferably has an average pore size of 0.1 nm or more.

An improved hydrotreating catalyst and process for making a base oil product wherein the catalyst comprises a base extrudate that includes a high nanopore volume amorphous silica alumina (ASA) and an alumina. The catalyst and process generally involve the use of a high nanopore volume ASA/alumina based catalyst to produce hydrotreated dewaxed base oil products by contacting the catalyst with a hydrocarbon feedstock. The catalyst base extrudate advantageously comprises an amorphous silica alumina having a pore volume in the 11-20 nm pore diameter range of 0.2 to 0.9 cc/g and an alumina having, a pore volume in the 11-20 nm pore diameter range of 0.01 to 1.0 cc/g, with the base extrudate formed from the amorphous silica alumina and the alumina having a total pore volume in the 2-50 nm pore diameter range of 0.12 to 1.80 cc/g. The catalyst further comprises at least one modifier element from Groups 6 to 10 and Group 14 of the Periodic Table. The catalyst and process provide improved aromatics saturation.

Fluorided silica-coated alumina activator-supports have a bulk density from 0.15 to 0.37 g/mL, a total pore volume from 0.85 to 2 mL/g, a BET surface area from 200 to 500 m.sup.2/g, an average pore diameter from 10 to 25 nm, and from 80 to 99% of pore volume in pores with diameters of greater than 6 nm. Methods of making the fluorided silica-coated alumina activator-supports and using the fluorided silica-coated aluminas in catalyst compositions and olefin polymerization processes also are described. Representative ethylene-based polymers produced using the compositions and processes have a melt index of 0.1 to 10 g/10 min and a density of 0.91 to 0.96 g/cm.sup.3, and contain from 70 to 270 ppm solid oxide and from 2 to 18 ppm fluorine.

The present invention relates to single thread composite fibers comprising at least one binder and at least one active catalyst for the capture and degradation of chemical threats such as chemical warfare agents (CWA), biological warfare agents, and toxic industrial chemicals (TIC) and a method for producing the same. The invention fibers are applicable to the fields of protective garments, filtration materials, and decontamination materials.

The present invention relates to single thread composite fibers comprising at least one binder and at least one active catalyst for the capture and degradation of chemical threats such as chemical warfare agents (CWA), biological warfare agents, and toxic industrial chemicals (TIC) and a method for producing the same. The invention fibers are applicable to the fields of protective garments, filtration materials, and decontamination materials.

The present invention relates to a fixed bed of catalytically active metal foam bodies having a volume of not more than 500 mL which consist to an extent of at least 95 wt % of metals. The fixed bed is used for catalytic reactions in a three-phase reaction mixture.

Hydrotreating catalysts are provided having one or more phosphorus components carried on a composite support of a titanium-loaded binder component and post-framework modified ultra-stable Y-type zeolite. The support comprises the titanium-loaded binder component and a post-framework modified ultra-stable Y-type (USY) zeolite in which a portion of aluminum atoms constituting a zeolite framework thereof is substituted with zirconium atoms and/or titanium atoms and/or hafnium atoms. The active components including the phosphorous active component and one or more hydrocracking metals active components loaded on the support.

The honeycomb structure includes a honeycomb structure body made of a zeolite material containing at least a coarse particle zeolite having a large average particle diameter (coarse zeolite particles). A fine particle zeolite having an average particle diameter smaller than that of the coarse particle zeolite (fine zeolite particles), and an inorganic bonding material, the coarse particle zeolite (the coarse zeolite particles) is a chabazite type zeolite in which an average particle diameter of primary particles is 2 m or more and 6 m or less, and in the fine particle zeolite (the fine zeolite particles), an average particle diameter of primary particles is 0.02 m or more and smaller than 2 m, and in the zeolite material which is comprised the honeycomb structure body, a ratio of a volume of pores having pore diameters of 0.02 to 0.15 m to a volume of all pores is 42% or less.

Provided is a zeolite-based adsorbent in the form of agglomerates, where the adsorbent having a tortuosity factor, calculated from the pore distribution determined by mercury intrusion porosimetry, of greater than 1 and less than 3. The adsorbent also has a porosity as determined by mercury intrusion porosimetry of between 25% and 35%. The adsorbent is useful in the field of separations in particular in a process for separating para-xylene from aromatic hydrocarbon isomer fractions containing 8 carbon atoms.

The present invention relates to a multifunctional hybrid catalyst with niobium and tin supported on hexagonal mesoporous silicas (HMS.sub.NbSn), synthesis process thereof through isomorphic substitutions and the process for obtaining biodegradable lubricating base oils using said catalyst.