A method of producing dimethyl ether involving contacting methanol with a catalyst in the presence of oxygen in a reactor to form the dimethyl ether. The catalyst comprises manganese on a cerium oxide catalyst support, wherein a weight ratio of manganese to the cerium oxide catalyst support is in the range of 0.005 to 0.5. Further, a method of manufacturing the catalyst, including mixing cerium oxide (CeO.sub.2) with a solution comprising manganese salt and a solvent, evaporating the solvent, followed by drying and calcining to form a catalyst which comprises manganese on a cerium oxide catalyst support, wherein a weight ratio of manganese to the cerium oxide catalyst support is in the range of 0.005 to 0.5.

A ceria-zirconia composite oxide includes at least one of lanthanum, yttrium, and praseodymium. A rate of a total content of the at least one rare earth element to a total content of cerium and zirconium is 0.1 at % to 4.0 at %. A content of the rare earth element present in near-surface regions, which are at a distance of less than 50 nm from surfaces of primary particles of the ceria-zirconia composite oxide, accounts for 90 at % or more of the total content of the rare earth element. An average particle size of the primary particles of the ceria-zirconia composite oxide is 2.2 m to 4.5 m. After a predetermined durability test, the intensity ratio I(14/29) of a diffraction line at 2=14.5 to a diffraction line at 2=29 and the intensity ratio I(28/29) of a diffraction line at 2=28.5 to the diffraction line at 2=29 respectively satisfy the following conditions:
I(14/29)0.02, and
I(28/29)0.08.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a phosphorus containing zeolite type catalysts based on crystalline aluminosilicates, the catalysts of this process and the use of this catalysts for the conversion of methanol to olefins.

The invention relates to a process for preparing a shaped CuAl catalyst body for the hydrogenation of organic compounds containing a carbonyl function. More particularly, the shaped catalyst body is suitable for the hydrogenation of aldehydes, ketones and of carboxylic acids or esters thereof, specifically of fatty acids or esters thereof, such as fatty acid methyl esters, to the corresponding alcohols such as butanediol. The present invention further relates to CuAl catalysts obtainable by the preparation process.

A method of producing dimethyl ether involving contacting methanol with a catalyst in the presence of oxygen in a reactor to form the dimethyl ether. The catalyst comprises manganese on a cerium oxide catalyst support, wherein a weight ratio of manganese to the cerium oxide catalyst support is in the range of 0.005 to 0.5. Further, a method of manufacturing the catalyst, including mixing cerium oxide (CeO.sub.2) with a solution comprising manganese salt and a solvent, evaporating the solvent, followed by drying and calcining to form a catalyst which comprises manganese on a cerium oxide catalyst support, wherein a weight ratio of manganese to the cerium oxide catalyst support is in the range of 0.005 to 0.5.

A catalyst for synthesizing liquefied petroleum gas according to the present invention includes: a CuZn-based catalytic material; and an MFI-type zeolite catalytic material supporting a noble metal, in which the MFI-type zeolite catalytic material contains P, and a ratio of mass (M.sub.P) of P in the MFI-type zeolite catalytic material to mass (M2) of the MFI-type zeolite catalytic material is more than 0 mass % and less than 4.5 mass %.

A catalyst containing molybdenum, bismuth, and iron, in which R1 represented by the following equation (1) is 0.45 or more and 5.00 or less is provided, and use of the catalyst achieves a high yield, in the case of the use in a gas phase oxidation reaction, particularly in the case of the use in producing an unsaturated aldehyde compound or an unsaturated carboxylic acid compound by a partial oxidation reaction,

[00001]$\begin{array}{cc}R1=\left(\mathrm{maximum}\mathrm{value}\mathrm{of}\mathrm{peak}\mathrm{at}886{\mathrm{cm}}^{-1}?5{\mathrm{cm}}^{-1}\right)?\left(\mathrm{maximum}\mathrm{value}\mathrm{of}\mathrm{peak}\mathrm{at}354{\mathrm{cm}}^{-1}?5{\mathrm{cm}}^{-1}\right)\mathrm{as}\mathrm{measured}\mathrm{by}\mathrm{Raman}\mathrm{spectroscopy}.& \left(1\right)\end{array}$

A system for converting fuel is provided and includes a first reactor comprising a plurality of ceramic composite particles, the ceramic composite particles comprising at least one metal oxide disposed on a support, wherein the first reactor is configured to reduce the at least one metal oxide with a fuel to produce a reduced metal or a reduced metal oxide; a second and reactor configured to oxidize at least a portion of the reduced metal or reduced metal oxide from the said first reactor to produce a metal oxide intermediate; a source of air; and a third reactor communicating with said source of air and configured to regenerate the at least one metal oxide from the remaining portion of the solids discharged from the said first reactor and the solids discharged from the said second reactor for by oxidizing the metal oxide intermediate.

There is provided a method for synthesizing an alkenoic acid, in particular acrylic acid comprising the step of oxidizing an alkenyl alcohol in the presence of a metal oxide catalyst to form the alkenoic acid. The invention further provides a step of deoxydehydrating a polyol, including glycerol to obtain said alkenyl alcohol including an allyl alcohol.

A ceria-zirconia-based composite oxide containing a composite oxide of ceria and zirconia is provided, in which primary particles having a particle diameter of 1.5 to 4.5 m account for, on a particle number basis, at least 50% of all primary particles in the ceria-zirconia-based composite oxide, and the molar ratio of cerium to zirconium in the ceria-zirconia-based composite oxide is between 43:57 and 55:45.