This application relates to a photoactive product comprising: a catechol-containing compound, an amine-containing polymer, and photoactive material. The photoactive product can act as a photocatalyst and can be used in photoelectrodes for use in, for example, photoelectrochemical analyte sensing, including biosensing. The photoelectrodes modified with hybrid organic/inorganic materials can provide increased light absorption and charge separation, binding sites for attaching biorecognition probes, and built-in film-forming properties for well-adhered and uniform photoactive frameworks on the collector electrodes.

Catalysts for selective production of hydrogen peroxide and methods of making and using thereof have been developed. The catalysts include an alloyed or doped metal oxide which permits tuning of the catalytic properties of the catalysts for selection of a desired pathway to a product, such as hydrogen peroxide. The catalysts may be incorporated into electrochemical or photochemical devices.

A molybdenum sulfide powder according to the invention contains molybdenum disulfide having a 3R crystal structure. A heavy-metal adsorbent according to the invention contains molybdenum sulfide particles, and the molybdenum sulfide particles have a median diameter Dso of 10 nm to 1,000 nm obtained by a dynamic light scattering type particle diameter distribution measuring device. A photothermal conversion material according to the invention contains a material containing molybdenum sulfide particles and generates heat by absorbing light energy.

Methods for exhaust gas purification, including the steps of: attaching an exhaust gas purification catalyst to an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, and supplying an exhaust gas to the exhaust gas purification catalyst, where the exhaust gas purification catalyst includes an upper layer containing first carrier particles which are particles of an inorganic oxide and rhodium, and a lower layer containing second carrier particles which are particles of an inorganic oxide, the upper layer includes a rhodium-rich portion near the surface of the upper layer on the upstream side of the exhaust gas flow, and the existence range of the rhodium-rich portion is in a range of greater than 50% to 80% of the length of the upper layer from a downstream side end of an exhaust gas flow and of less than 20 μm in the depth direction from an outermost surface of the upper layer.

The invention relates to a process for preparing a catalyst based on an AFX zeolite exchanged with at least one transition metal, comprising at least the following steps:

i) mixing, in an aqueous medium, of at least one source of silicon (Si) in SiO.sub.2 oxide form, at least one source of aluminum (Al) in Al.sub.2O.sub.3 oxide form, 1,6-bis(methylpiperidinium)hexane dihydroxide, and at least one source of at least one alkali metal, until a homogeneous precursor gel is obtained;
ii) hydrothermal treatment at a temperature between 75° C. and 95° C., limits included;
iii) at least one ion exchange with a solution comprising at least one species capable of releasing a transition metal,
iv) heat treatment by drying followed by at least one calcination under a stream of air at a temperature between 400 and 700° C. The invention also relates to the catalyst obtained and to the use thereof for the selective reduction of NOx.

A vacuum formed part includes at least two layers with one layer including a catalyst and the other not including a catalyst. At least one of the layers is formed by applying a slurry to a die or mold and applying a vacuum to the die or mold. The other layer may be formed from a slurry or may be provided onto the die or mold in the form of a fiber mat or blanket.

In an exhaust gas purification catalyst, a catalytic component (100) containing a first oxide (21), a second oxide (22), and a precious metal (30) is supported on a three-dimensional structure (10); the ratio of the amount of precious metal (30) supported on the first oxide (21) to the total amount of precious metal (30) supported on the first oxide (21) and precious metal (30) supported on the second oxide (22), or the ratio of the amount of precious metal (30) supported on the second oxide (22) to the total amount of precious metal (30) supported on the first oxide (21) and precious metal (30) supported on the second oxide (22) is 70% or more to 100% or less, as measured by an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA); and the amount of carbon monoxide that the precious metal (30) can adsorb per unit mass is 15 mL/g or more to 100 mL/g or less.

The present disclosure relates to a device for accurately measuring photocatalytic efficiency. Additional embodiments of the present disclosure further relate to a method of utilizing the disclosed device, for example, to obtain accurate measurements of photocatalytic efficiency and a photocatalyst compatible with the device in the present disclosure. Application of the present disclosure may include the quantification of photocatalytic light conversion metrics such as in a research environment.

Zeolite catalysts and systems and methods for preparing and using zeolite catalysts having the CHA crystal structure are disclosed. The catalysts can be used to remove nitrogen oxides from a gaseous medium across a broad temperature range and exhibit hydrothermal stable at high reaction temperatures. The zeolite catalysts include a zeolite carrier having a silica to alumina ratio from about 15:1 to about 256:1 and a copper to alumina ratio from about 0.25:1 to about 1:1.

Methods and compositions related to a selective catalytic reduction catalyst comprising iron and vanadium, wherein the vanadium is present as (1) one or more vanadium oxides, and (2) metal vanadate of the form Fe.sub.xM.sub.yVO.sub.4 where x=0.2 to 1 and y=1−x, and where M comprises one or more non-Fe metals when y>0.