Here disclosed is a composite catalyst for methane cracking and a method of producing the composite catalyst. The composite catalyst includes a substrate formed of metal oxide, and one or more catalytic transition metals solubilized in the metal oxide, wherein the metal oxide includes a metal which differs from the one or more catalytic transition metals, wherein the metal oxide forms a matrix which the one or more catalytic transition metals are solubilized in to render transition metal ions from the one or more catalytic transition metals, wherein the transition metal ions under a reducing atmosphere diffuse to reside as transition metal nanoparticles at a surface of the substrate and the transition metal nanoparticles under an oxidizing atmosphere diffuse away from the surface to reside as transition metal ions in the metal oxide, and wherein the transition metal nanoparticles at the surface induce carbon from the methane cracking to deposit on the transition metal nanoparticles and have the carbon deposited grow away from the substrate.

The present disclosures and inventions relate to a catalyst composition for the selective conversion of a hydrogen/carbon monoxide mixture (syngas) to C2+ hydrocarbons. The composition includes a catalyst having the formula CoMn.sub.xSi.sub.yO.sub.z, wherein the molar ratio of x is from about 0.8 to about 1.2; wherein the molar ratio of y is from about 0.1 to about 1.0; and wherein the molar ratio of z is a number determined by the valence requirements of Co, Mn, and Si wherein the catalyst has a Scherrer crystallite size of less than about 40 nm, wherein the Si is silica.

The invention relates to a medium or large pore synthetic zeolite comprising at least 0.02 wt %, based on the weight of the zeolite, of a catalytic metal selected from the group consisting of Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Mo, W, Re, Co, Ni, Zn, Cr, Mn, Ce, Ga, Cu and combinations thereof, which is present as catalytic metal particles, wherein at least 60% by number of said catalytic metal particles have a particle size of 2.0 nm or less, and at least 0.005 wt %, based on the weight of the zeolite, of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Cs, Ca, Mg, Ba and Sr and combinations thereof, wherein, if the zeolite comprises in the zeolite framework a trivalent element Y selected from the group consisting of Al, B, Ga Fe and combinations thereof, the SiO.sub.2:Y.sub.2O.sub.3 ratio is greater than 200:1.

The invention provides a process for preparing a cobalt-containing catalyst precursor. The process includes calcining a loaded catalyst support comprising a silica (SiO.sub.2) catalyst support supporting cobalt nitrate to convert the cobalt nitrate into cobalt oxide. The calcination includes heating the loaded catalyst support at a high heating rate, which does not fall below 10° C./minute, during at least a temperature range A. The temperature range A is from the lowest temperature at which calcination of the loaded catalyst support begins to 165° C. Gas flow is effected over the loaded catalyst support during at least the temperature range A. The catalyst precursor is reduced to obtain a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst.

An exhaust-gas purification apparatus includes: a honeycomb base material including a plurality of exhaust-gas flow paths partitioned by a porous wall; and one or more catalyst noble metals carried by the honeycomb base material. The catalyst noble metals are selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, and rhodium. The honeycomb base material has a noble metal concentrated surface section in which a 50%-by-mass noble metal carry depth for a specific noble metal that is one type among one or two catalyst noble metals is less than 50% of the distance from the surface to the center of the inside of the porous wall. The 50%-by-mass noble metal carry depth is the depth at which, when the amount of the specific noble metal carried between the surface and the center of the inside of porous wall is used as a reference, 50% by mass of specific noble metal is carried.

The present invention relates to a metallic nanoparticle catalyst, and more particularly, to a porous catalyst in which metallic nanoparticles are embedded in a porous oxide support, and a method for preparing the porous catalyst. To this end, a porous catalyst composition having metallic nanoparticles of the present invention includes an oxide matrix structure having mesopores and micropores; and metal or metal oxide nanoparticles embedded in the oxide matrix structure having the mesopores and micropores. Thus, metallic nanoparticle catalysts having high activity even at low temperature are realized.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a sulfated metal oxide catalyst for chlorination, and a method for producing a reaction product containing methyl chloride (CH.sub.3Cl) by using the sulfated metal oxide catalyst. A sulfated zirconia catalyst and a sulfated tin oxide catalyst are disclosed as the sulfated metal oxide catalyst for chlorination.

The invention relates to a process for preparing a catalyst for alkane oxidative dehydrogenation and/or alkene oxidation, which catalyst is a mixed metal oxide catalyst containing molybdenum, vanadium, niobium and optionally tellurium, wherein the process comprises: a) preparing a catalyst precursor containing molybdenum, vanadium, niobium and optionally tellurium; b) optionally contacting the catalyst precursor obtained in step a) with oxygen and/or an inert gas at an elevated temperature; c) contacting the catalyst precursor obtained in step a) or step b) with a gas mixture comprising ammonia and water, which gas mixture further comprises oxygen and/or an inert gas, at an elevated temperature; and d) optionally contacting the catalyst precursor obtained in step c) with an inert gas at an elevated temperature. Further, the invention relates to a catalyst obtainable by said process and to a process of the oxidative dehydrogenation of an alkane containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms and/or the oxidation of an alkene containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms wherein said catalyst is used.

Provided are a bifunctional catalyst for deep desulfurization and gasoline quality improvement and a preparation method therefore and a use thereof. The bifunctional catalyst includes a modified catalyst and a loaded active metal, where the modified catalyst carrier is a γ-Al.sub.2O.sub.3 modified with a rare earth element, or the modified catalyst carrier is a composite carrier prepared by mixing and calcinating γ-Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and an acid molecular sieve through a binder, and then modifying with the rare earth element. The bifunctional catalyst for deep desulfurization and gasoline quality improvement can achieve deep desulfurization of high-sulfur fluid catalytic cracking gasoline, and ensure no significant loss of octane number under relatively mild conditions.

Provided are a pentasil-type zeolite that is less likely to adsorb water compared to conventional zeolites and has excellent strength when used as a molded body, and a method for producing the pentasil-type zeolite.

A pentasil-type zeolite having a water adsorption amount of 4.0 g/100 g-zeolite or less under the conditions of 25° C. and a relative humidity of 90% and having a major axis diameter of primary particles of from 0.2 μm to 4.0 μm, and a method for producing the pentasil-type zeolite.