The method for producing chlorine by oxidation of hydrogen chloride with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor, wherein [I] a material containing hydrogen chloride and oxygen is allowed to contact a catalyst in a temperature range of 280 to 370° C., and [II] the material containing hydrogen chloride and oxygen has an oxygen concentration of 45 to 75 vol %.

The method for producing chlorine by oxidation of hydrogen chloride with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor, wherein [I] a material containing hydrogen chloride and oxygen is allowed to contact a catalyst in a temperature range of 280 to 370° C., and [II] the material containing hydrogen chloride and oxygen has an oxygen concentration of 45 to 75 vol %.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to a method of forming metalorganic frameworks. In some embodiments, the method includes exposing a plurality of zerooxidation state metal atoms to an oxidizing agent. In some embodiments, the exposing facilitates oxidation of the plurality of zero-oxidation state metal atoms to a plurality of metallic ions. In some embodiments, the plurality of metallic ions react with a plurality of ligands to form the metal-organic frameworks. In some embodiments, the formed metal-organic frameworks comprise one or more metals and one or more ligands coordinated with the one or more metals.

A method for synthesis of PtNi smooth surface core/shell particles or Nano cages and porous nanocages from segregated nanoparticles.

A method for synthesis of PtNi smooth surface core/shell particles or Nano cages and porous nanocages from segregated nanoparticles.

A process for synthesis of PtNi high surface area core/shell particles. The processing including formation of PtNi nanoparticles, exposure of the PtNi nanoparticles to oxygen to form a nickel oxide coating on the nanoparticles at the same time the segregation of Ni to surface induces a Pt-skin with PtNi core structure, removal of the nickel oxide coating to form PtNi core/Pt shell (or Pt-skin) structure.

A process for synthesis of PtNi high surface area core/shell particles. The processing including formation of PtNi nanoparticles, exposure of the PtNi nanoparticles to oxygen to form a nickel oxide coating on the nanoparticles at the same time the segregation of Ni to surface induces a Pt-skin with PtNi core structure, removal of the nickel oxide coating to form PtNi core/Pt shell (or Pt-skin) structure.

Catalyst materials comprising iron and palladium are described. Also described are methods for preparing such materials. In addition, methods for remediating materials such as sediments and groundwater using the catalyst materials are described.

Catalyst materials comprising iron and palladium are described. Also described are methods for preparing such materials. In addition, methods for remediating materials such as sediments and groundwater using the catalyst materials are described.

The present invention relates to heterogeneous catalysts and methods of making and using the same. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method of making a hydrogenation catalyst including particulate nickel metal (Ni(0)). The method includes calcining first nickel(II)-containing particles in an atmosphere including oxidizing constituents to generate second nickel(II)-containing particles. The method also includes reducing the second nickel(II)-containing particles in a reducing atmosphere while rotating or turning the second nickel(II)-containing particles at about 275° C. to about 360° C. for a time sufficient to generate the particulate nickel metal (Ni(0)), wherein the particulate nickel metal (Ni(0)) is free flowing.